Perception Paradigm Essays - Sexual Health, HIVAIDS, Sexual Acts

Recognition Paradigm Numerous hypotheses and much examination has been directed on contraception when all is said in done, and all the more as of late on condoms specifically, because of the AIDS scourge (Lear, 1995). Condom use and AIDS training are fundamental instruments for diminishing the effect of the sickness, yet less than 33% of explicitly dynamic undergrads report steady condom use (Seal and Palmer-Seal, 1996). It appears that explicitly dynamic people once in a while talk about more secure sex or get some information about their accomplice's sexual action before taking part in sexual action (Seal and Palmer-Seal, 1996). This brings up certain issues concerning the cause of the shirking of more secure sex conversation. It has been discovered that the relational responses of sexual accomplices, as opposed to the less immediate contemplations of AIDS hazard, impact mentalities towards condoms and condom utilization (Casteneda and Collins, 1995). These individual communications among accomplices i n a sexual relationship are a consequence of mentalities each accomplice conveys about sex, contraception and a sexual relationship itself. Mentalities can be found out by methods for individual observation assessments, which present the practices of an objective individual (e.g., presenting a condom) and order the social implications forced on the entertainer inside the circumstance (Castenada and Collins, 1995). So as to precisely assess the social implications inside a sexual relationship utilizing an individual observation worldview, the worldview itself, just as the correspondence designs about the relationship and condom utilization must be surveyed. Individual Perception Paradigm and This Study The adequacy of the individual observation worldview for precisely assembling the social implications suggested by specific activities has been demonstrated in past exploration (Collins address). While most examination legitimately asks members what they think, individual observation contemplates a progressively unobtrusive methods for picking up the members responses. The current investigation utilized an individual discernment test to assess the perspectives of members about ladies in a sexual relationship when she either proposed a condom, or said nothing regarding contraception, while communicating either concern or saying nothing regarding her passionate state. There were four various potential kinds of circumstances that the male eyewitnesses could have been given: the concerned female who didn't propose a condom, the concerned female who stated, I have a condom with me, the female who said nothing and didn't propose a condom, and the female who said nothing regarding her passionate state, yet said she had a condom with her. These females were then assessed by male onlookers on different parts of her apparent character. Guys evaluated the females on such things as, on the off chance that they were dynamic or aloof, on the off chance that they were indiscriminate or not, and so on. No other exploration has tended to a sexual circumstance where ladies talk about their emotions and present a condom in an individual observation worldview. It will be intriguing to perceive how the male members survey the circumstance. This investigation utilized six unique scales included separate things so as to precisely evaluate the discernments the male spectators held about the female targets. The scales were a Sexual allure scale, which decided how explicitly appealing the lady was, an Obligation scale, which decided the degree to which the lady was dependable, an Assumes responsibility scale, which evaluated the male onlooker's thoughts regarding how dynamic the ladies in the circumstances were and two different scales which surveyed how Decent and Energizing the lady was. It is guessed that there will be high relationships between's the different things inside every one of these scales, which shows that the things will quantify comparable properties. Yet, there will be low connections between's any two scales and between any things and a different scale, which will demonstrate that the scales were estimating various qualities. Past Research on the Person Perception Paradigm Past examination has discovered that individuals do settle on decisions dependent on the prophylactic decisions that target

Brief Analysis of How EUs Policies Have Influenced the Car Industry Term Paper

Brief Analysis of How EUs Policies Have Influenced the Car Industry - Term Paper Example The vehicle business is no special case. The arrangements surrounded by the political administration for the vehicle business depend on the data gave by various partners and the push and pulls are solid and vital. Thus, such strategies must be adjusted with the goal that they don't seem to lean for one partner at the expense of another. The significant partners in the vehicle business viz. the makers, the OEMs, the wholesalers, society and the preservationists settle on their commitments and impact the choice of the policymakers. These commitments and impacts don't generally concur and can be very various and even angry. For example, the commitments of vehicle producers and the hippies are assorted to such an extent that any legislature will be hard put to outline approaches pleasing to the two gatherings. The vehicle business is deteriorating in the United States (US) and the European Union. This industry has indicated an ascent in creating economies like China, India, Brazil, and Eastern Europe. In the United States and the EU, the endurance of the business relies upon advancement, assortment and innovation combination (Ahlgrimm, Michael, p3). Client requests for these are high in the US and the EU. Steady advancement likewise assumes a helpful job in higher vitality productivity. There is an ocean change in the vehicle advertise. Until the 1980s, the market was overwhelmed by a couple of huge players who consumed and were in a situation to turn out explicit models however easy to use were not so much individualized to suit the prerequisites of individual clients. This has now changed. There is more noteworthy attention to client particulars when planning vehicles of various models. The vehicle advertise is no more the venders' market. It is the purchasers' market. Affectability to client inclinations and tastes controls the business. The buying power combined with the insight of the client chooses the one of a kind deals purposes of the vehicle advertise. In this situation, it isn't just expense yet in addition the remarkable highlights incorporated with the vehicle framework that wins in the market.â

How to Select Best Writing Service

How to Select Best Writing Service Tips for Choosing the Best Writing Service Home›Informative Posts›Tips for Choosing the Best Writing Service Informative PostsWhen you get a college writing assignment, you have only two options: to spend several hours trying to write the paper on your own or to get your assignment done by some writing service. While those students who don’t have a part-time job and are able to allocate most of their time to studying are completely fine with the first option, there are other students who, for whatever reason, simply don’t have enough time to write their paper by themselves. Thus, they have to turn to professionals who can complete their assignment quickly and at high quality standards. These days, you can find a great number of writing services online. But how do you choose the best writing service?Things to consider when looking for the best writing service:PricingThe vast majority of students do not have big sums of extra money, which they can spend on whatever they want, like paying for their writing assignment. That is why affordability of writing services is what you should always take into consideration. Remember, you don’t need the best writing service ever; you need the best writing service for you. Some services might charge a high price claiming that your paper will be written by a Pulitzer Prize winner, but does it really matter to you? As long as your paper is of high quality and delivered on time, you don’t really care who wrote it. So there’s no need to overpay.Looking where to BUY AN ESSAY?Save your time and money! Use QualityCustomEssays.com professionals service to get an A+ paper Place an order get 15%offfor your first orderFeedbackOne of the most convenient ways to find out about the quality of basically any product or service is to read reviews of people who have already tried it. That is why the best writing service is not afraid to allow their customers leave feedback on their official web-site or elsewhere. However, you ha ve to look through the comments section very carefully: if all the comments are positive and sound alike and a bit unnatural, it’s likely that they are fake.Language CompetenceWhen you are searching for the best writing service, you need to know whether your paper will be written by a native speaker or not. Many writing companies use the services of foreign writers, since they don’t have to pay them as much as they would have to pay to native speakers. Very often, it results in poor grammar, inappropriate use of the vocabulary and various stylistic mistakes. And you don’t want to pay for a low-quality work, do you?All in all, in order to find the best writing service, you need to make sure that their price policy corresponds to the quality of the services they provide. Also, you should always pay attention to the feedback provided by the service’s previous customers.

Breast Cancer Screening - 1787 Words

An analysis of the effectiveness of population-based screening for breast cancer. Breast cancer is the leading cause of death due to cancer in women, with statistics from the USA showing that one in eight women will develop the disease.1 Studies in the UK show that 90% of women diagnosed in the early stages survive the disease, while this figure is only 15% if diagnosed at a later stage illustrating the importance of an effective screening programme to reduce mortality.2 In the following essay I will review various randomised control studies and cohort studies in order to establish how nationwide screening programmes best reduce mortality, looking at the targeted sector of the population and the methods in practice. I will also address†¦show more content†¦With the majority of tumours being slow growing it has been established from various studies that biennial screening is the most effective time frame. This is due to the identification of slow growing tumours at an early enough stage for recovery and at the same time ensures a reduced rate of false-posi tives compared to annual mammograms.5 â€Å"In addition, since the proportion of DCIS is highest in younger women, screen detection of DCIS that may not be clinically signiï ¬ cant could be considered a further harm.†5 Therefore it is the woman’s prerogative whether the risk of cancer outweighs the possibility of coming into contact with the aforementioned harms. With the implementation of mammograms as a population based screening program the targeted population must be scrutinised, because although it is common practice for women over 40 to be covered by health insurance for mammograms there are increasing numbers of women below that age with breast cancer.Show MoreRelatedAn Invitation For Breast Cancer Screening923 Words   |  4 Pagesinvitation for breast cancer screening Body Global incidence - cancer as a second most common type of cancer -high rate of breast cancer in high income countries Breast compression - why is necessary, mammography process explanation Risk factors – age - cancer increases with age and why -genetic factor-breast cancer in the family Advantages of breast cancer screening - effective method, non-invasive Conclusion Breast screening=early detection=Read MoreThe Ethical Phenomenon Of Breast Cancer Screening And Treatments867 Words   |  4 Pagesboth the BRCA1 and BRCA 2 gene mutations and choosing bilateral mastectomies for early-stage breast cancers (Weintraub, 2015). Oncologists saw a 50% increase for risk-reduction mastectomy surgery related to the â€Å"Jolie Effect†. The impact of an actress, known for her beauty, to willing risk her body image to increase her lifespan survival has philanthropically advanced the issues surrounding breast cancer. Racial Cultural Williams, Templin, and Hines (2013) identified that some populations groupsRead MoreA Process Evaluation For A Comprehensive Breast Cancer Screening Intervention1049 Words   |  5 Pagescomprehensive breast cancer screening intervention: Challenges and opportunities, the authors are Claire J. Vivadro, Jo Anne L. Earp and Mary Altpeter, and the article was published 1997 in the Evaluation and Program Planning, Vol. 20 No. 3 pages 237- 249. The North Carolina-Based Breast Cancer Screening Program (NC-BCSP) was questioning if they could increase African-American women’s access to breast cancer screening, would this help women determine their risk factors and seek further screening processRead MoreHealth Promotion Programme On Breast Cancer Screening Program1866 Words   |  8 Pagestheir health†. This paper deals with a health promotion programme on breast cancer screening. It also deals with the aims, goals, and objectives of this programme. The paper describes the health promotion programme in the contexts of The Treaty of Waitangi and The Ottawa charter for health promotion. Breast cancer screening programme: This is a health promotion programme developed in order to reduce the occurrence of breast cancer among women over the age of 45 to 69 through early diagnosis and treatmentRead MoreEvaluation Of Screening For Breast Cancer1371 Words   |  6 PagesChoose one of the screenings listed in the USPSTF Guide to Clinical Preventative Services. Evaluate the screening using the following criteria: reliability, validity, sensitivity, specificity, and cost-benefit ratio. Discuss any ethical issues associated with this screening. In 2002, the U. S. Preventative Services Task Force (USPSTF, 2002, 2014) issued its’ recommendation statement regarding breast cancer screening for the general population. It looked at the efficacy of five screening methods in reducingRead MoreBreast Cancer : The Most Common Cause Of Death Among Women Essay1574 Words   |  7 PagesBreast cancer is the most common cause of death among women (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2016). The latest data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (C.D.C.) state that in 2013 230,815 women in the United States were diagnosed with breast cancer, and in 2013 40,860 women died from breast cancer (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2016). From 2002 to 2012, the occurrences of a breast cancer diagnosis remained at an even level, however the death rate from breastRead MorePreventative Measures Report On Health Screening Programmes1146 Words   |  5 Pagesreport Health screening programmes Definition – Screening programmes are to detect early signs of cancer. Different health screening programmes You get loads of different screening programmes, I am going to go through 3 different health programmes, I will also go through the advantages and disadvantages of each on furthermore and most importantly I will describe the role of each programme Firstly I am going to be looking at: ïÆ'Ëœ The NHS Breast Screening Programme ïÆ'Ëœ The NHS Cervical Screening ProgrammeRead MoreAngelina Jolie s Effect On Breast Cancer1599 Words   |  7 Pagesself-esteem. Cancer cells can spread and return. Sometimes, this dense breast tissue makes cancer cells more difficult to detect. Owing to Angelina Jolie’s effect, breast cancer referral rates rose nearly 2.5 times in the United Kingdom from 2012 to 2013 (Evans, 2014). This effect caused global awareness of breast cancer and reminded women to notice this disease including a mammogram screening and routine breast self-exam. Annually, more than 200,000 American women suffer from breast cancer and approximatelyRead MoreAccessibility Of Services As Facilitating Factors1401 Words   |  6 Pagesdefined as those factors related to the availability of screening services to participants. Good accessibility of services was seen as a facilitating factor for screening, under the general theme of government and community support. Issues related to this category included a women’s insurance status, the availability of affordable screening services, particularly mass screening projects at the workplace, and having adequate transportation to screening sites (Hatefnia et al., 2010). Accessibility of servicesRead MoreLets Stay Abreast Program Paper1589 Words   |  7 Pages The â€Å"Let’s Stay Abreast Program† focus is to plan, promote, and implement a program that will educate and provide screening to help decrease the incidence and reduce mortality of breast cancer, through early detection among women in Co-Op, Bronx, New York. In 2016, 91 million was spent on Governor Cuomo’s initiative to increase breast cancer awareness and screening by focusing on providing public awareness campaign, community outreach programs, patient navigators, and mobile mammography vans (Governor

Machiavellis Views on Leadership- It Is Better to be...

According to Machiavellis view of how to be an effective leader, a ruler should be one who is feared but not hated. Machiavelli states that fear is better than love because love is unreliable. All of the reasons that Machiavelli gives relate to how human nature controls men and drives them to commit crimes in order to reach their goals and satisfy themselves. Before the organization of Italy as a country, it was broken into city-states one of which Machiavelli called home. He was a Florentine and was deeply concerned with how the political governments of Italy worked because the city-states were almost constantly at war with each another. Machiavelli wrote The Prince when the Republic of Florence fell and was replaced by an autocrat†¦show more content†¦A ruler needs to maintain a positive public image and please as many of the population as possible. It is impossible to please everyone whether you are an effective or ineffective ruler, but maintaining the support of the majority of the masses is of paramount concern in being a successful leader. Machiavelli says that a ruler must be a combination of a fox and a lion. A ruler needs to have the cunning mind of a fox but also needs to have the strength of a lion so that he can destroy anyone who opposes him. Machiavelli addresses the topic of whether it is safer to be cruel or loved. He states: Upon this a question arises: whether it be better to be loved than feared or feared than loved? It may be answered that one should wish to be both, but, because it is difficult to unite them in one person, it is much safer to be feared than loved, when, of the two, either must be dispensed with (Machiavelli 133-137) He says that it is safer to be feared because the sole purpose of a ruler is to keep order. Machiavelli is not saying that it is necessarily better to be feared, he is saying that it is safer because the peopleShow MoreRelatedMachiavellis The Prince And Plato1417 Words   |  6 Pagesthe subject of leadership. Two main philosophers come to mind when thinking of this topic and they are Machiavelli with his book The Prince and Plato’s dialogue The Republic. The Republic takes a very theoretical point of view on leadership and portrays life as it should be in an ideal state, whereas Machiavelli’s The Prince, takes a more realistic point of view. Machiavelli is less interested with what things should be and is more concerned about how the world is and how a good leader should lead inRead MoreIs It Better to Be Loved or Feared as a Leader?1774 Words   |  7 PagesWhether a leader is feared or loved has been a debated issue by philosophers for many years. You could argue t hat a leader being loved is better because of the trust and motivation sides of things, or you could say to be feared is better because people follow rules and orders better. What is the role of government in human society? Whether being ruled under democracy, dictatorship, or autocracy all of these types of governments do however have one thing in common. All of these types of leaderships haveRead MoreMacolili Vs Machiavelli1262 Words   |  6 Pageswill always lead one to wonder which is the least corrupting. There are no two ideologies that clash more than Machiavelli’s views on violence in The Prince and Socrates views within The Trial and Death of Socrates. Machiavelli’s views advocate for instilling fear in subjects through violence, but to avoid hatred. Socrates is the leading proponent of believing it is better to be harmed than to harm. Both can easily lead to corruption outside of their strengths, but deciding which is the more corruptingRead MoreConnections Between Hitler And The Prince1307 Words   |  6 Pagesor will not be at all† (â€Å"Adolf Hitler Quote†). Adolph Hitler became the leader of the German Nazi party in 1933. His leadership was both loved and despised. He controlled the Nazi party for more than a decade (â€Å"Adolph Hitler†). Considering the length of Hitler’s reign, he must have had leadership qualities that people found admirable or they feared him so greatly that no one would attempt to overthrow him. In Machiavelli’s The Prince, a list is given explaining specific attributes and thoughtsRead MoreSocrates Vs Machiavelli2003 Words   |  9 Pagesfor their time. Machiavelli’s â€Å"The Prince and the Discourses† outlines Machiavelli’s ideal prince and what a prince should do in power. Plato writes about the trial and death of Socrates and what he says about how people are supposed to act as well as how society should be changed. Socrates if he read Machiav elli’s concept of an ideal prince would say that he is too violent, selfish, and cruel. In addition, Socrates would not be supportive of a political system in which Machiavelli’s Prince would leadRead MoreEssay on Lao Tzus Teachings on Effective Government1206 Words   |  5 PagesAmerican political government contained two large parties which control most of the Congress: the Democrat and Republic parties. Both parties have held different points of view on different topics such as health care. However an effective government is also based on a how a leader governs the country. Lao Tzu was an ancient Chinese philosopher, and Niccolo Machiavelli, in The Prince, an Italian philosopher, present ideas that are very contradictory to each other. Lao Tzu appears liberal as a masterRead MoreMachiavelli Vs Plato1614 Words   |  7 PagesRowan DeGasperis Brandon Ives GVPT241 Due: 10/13/17 Socrates’ View on Machiavelli’s Ideologies Niccolà ² Machiavelli and Socrates are two thinkers who are highly regarded, respected, and renowned by today’s scholars due to their roles in shaping their separate versions of an ideal political system during their respective times of uncertainty, political fragmentation, and violence. Although their opinions vary, the men laid the foundation for present day political establishments and opened up the doorRead MoreSocrates And Machiavelli1961 Words   |  8 Pageswould Socrates think of Machiavelli’s political world? Socrates and Machiavelli were some of the most influential political philosophers in their respective times. Some argue that their view of empowering individuals, whether it be through free speech or ruthless fighting, are quite similar. However, their views of leadership and government do not align. Socrates’ support for free expression and due process makes his view of effective governance far different from Machiavelli’s focus on national securityRead MoreNiccolo Machiavelli s The Prince2212 Words   |  9 Pagesan influential and wealthy family who provided him with meticulous educational training customary for many men of the middle class during the Renaissance period. Young Machiavelli also spent two additional years studying business mathematics. Machiavelli’s education allowed him to spend the next seven years in Rome working for a Florentine banker. After returning to Florence in 1494, he witnessed the removal of the Medici, the Italian bourgeois famil y that ruled Florence and later Tuscany for decadesRead MoreWhat Makes A Leader?1131 Words   |  5 Pages What does it mean to be a leader? What qualities does a leader have? How do you become a good leader? Leader have many qualities that represent a wise person. There are leaders in everyday life and most of the time we don’t realize, their leaders. If we didn’t have leaders in life, nothing would get done and people would be clueless. Leader tend to lead when the time gets tough and people look to them. What happens if your leader is not a good leader? Your leader can also lead you into trouble and

Bulk carrier and oil tanker ship construction Free Essays

Introduction: Types of Ships discussed: Bulk Carriers Oil Tanker Here I discuss about two types of ships which are bulk carrier and oil tanker. The pictorial explanation gives general difference between both the vessels. Bulk Carriers: The name itself says that they carry products in bulk quantities. We will write a custom essay sample on Bulk carrier and oil tanker ship construction or any similar topic only for you Order Now Ex: Edible commodities, raw materials and finished steel products. Bulk carriers can be with or without cargo gear. Those without will use the shore gear for cargo operations. The construction will be usually single or double hull with DB’s and TST’s. Side hopper tanks. During rough weathers the ballast is taken into the cargo hold so that CG comes down there by minimizing the stresses. Cargo grabs can enter easily due to wide opening of cargo hold. The excessive cutting area reduces deck strength, but suitably compensated with the hatch coaming structure. Pontoons will cover the cargo hold will differ in size, shape and operation depends on manufacturer. Pillars with deck girders supported by brackets and beams will take the weight of pontoons. The tanks tops are strong enough to bear stress caused by bulldozers or bob cats when they operate to collect cargo in cargo holds. Tankers: Tankers are designed to carry liquid cargos in bulk quantities depending on their size. The entire cargo operation will be through pipe lines. For carrying cargo operations they have to call berths fitted with chicksen or hoses. Smaller tankers usually used to supply bunkers and lube oils to the bigger vessels at anchorages. The vessels that carry gas also called as tankers. In shipping world tankers constitutes 35% tonnage presently. Tankers vary in size. From 500 GT to the world’s ultra large crude carrier MT.Hellespont Alhambra with dwt of 441,585. This type of ultra large tankers usually carry crude from the point of production to the refineries. The size and number of the cargo tanks will vary from ship to ship depending on the size and construction of the vessel. The divisions of the tanks are made possible by both longitudinal and transverse bulkheads with strengthened frames and corrugations to give extra strength to the bulkheads. These bulkheads in turn reduce rackin g stresses and prevent fire and flooding to progress to the other part of the vessel. The role function and general layout of bulk carrier and Tanker are explained above. Structural differences of Bulk carrier and Oil Tanker as follows: Structural FeatureBulk CarrierOil Tanker Cargo Hold openingsLarge cargo hold openingsSmall opening to enter cargo hold Cargo OperationBy Ship/Shore gear, Sling, suit or conveyorBy pipe line AppearencePipelines all around deckComparatively less pipelines Cargo gear when fittedCranes, DerricksUsually one or two mid ship cranes Extra MachineryDoesn’t require extra machineryInert Gas, Separate pump room Construction of HullNot CompulsoryDouble Hull Compulsory Cat walksFitted Athwart shipFitted longitudinally Cargo Tank CleaningEasyComparatively different and COW washing Company’s permissionNo need to obtain permission to enter in cargo hold. (Risk Assessment Carried out)Permission from company is mandatory, (Risk Assessment Carried out) Panting and Pounding arrangements as expressed below: (Diagrams Attached) Panting : The force exerted on ships side plating due to the vessels rising and falling due to waves is called panting. The bow part experience more pressure as compared to stern. Panting beams, stringers and deep floors will make the vessel to overcome this problem. Pounding : During excessive pitching the fore foot bottom plating will slam the water with high force which is called as pounding. It could be because of excessive speed, much stern trim or too little ballast. By increasing the bottom plate thickness, longitudinal framings, transverse frames with side girders and more side frames helps the vessel to withstand these stresses. Regional Stresses affecting Bulk Carriers: (Diagrams Attached) Care to be taken always while loading and continuous monitoring for hogging and sagging. Sagging comes in the areas where more weight and hogging comes in the area of less weight. Uneven distribution of weight could lead the ship breaking into two. However even after loading to even keel still the vessel experiences this problem due to the waves. During rough weather extra care to be taken as the high raising waves provides extra buoyancy. Transverse Stress: These are caused due to force exerted from cargo or structural weights or motion in sea way which in turn affects the ships cross sectional area. Racking: Rolling causes ship’s deck to move laterally when compared to bottom thereby causing the side shells to move vertically relative to each other At any given time the stresses on board should be within the limits of harbor and sea going conditions as given in loadicator. Bibliography: College Hand out, Moodle.stc.uk Classroom Running Notes Merchant ship construction by D.A.Tailor 3rd edition 1992 Merchant ship construction by P.J.Pursey 7th edition Glasgow 1983 Safe Tanker Operations by Capt.K.S.D.Mistree, A Marinez Publication There are other stresses which are equally important to discuss but due to the word restriction I was unable to discuss in this assignment. The Diagrams are enclosed separately to this assignment which most of the stress are explanatory. How to cite Bulk carrier and oil tanker ship construction, Essay examples

Construction Management Management in the Organizational Structure

Question: Discuss about theConstruction Management for Management in the Organizational Structure. Answer: Introduction From past few decades it has been observed that human resource management in the organizational structure remain as one of the supportive pillars and managing people is the most important part in running a successful organization. In the context of construction industry it has been realized that the task of managing people has been very difficult and challenging for it (Caligiuri, 2014). In spite of its well established socio economic structure the construction industry remained unperceivable especially in the context of human relation. Being the part of the global economy the construction industry faced issues related to the human resource management due to its lack of attention to the labor workforce and human capital management. Besides, it have been argued by many researchers in the previous researches that human capital forms the base of good performance and growth of the organization. It is a rare thing and the most surprising fact at the same time that the HRM practices in the construction industry have been devoid of specific and detailed elaboration for so long(Caven, 2013). Hence, this study has been solely contributedto the elaboration of the changing patterns of HRM practices in the construction industry that remained unnoticed for such along time. The researcher has provided theories related to HRM practices in the organizational structure and critically evaluated the appropriate area of focus that would highlight the new ways of incorporating effective HRM practices in the construction industry. Apart from this, this study would also provide an analysis of the critical thinking and recommendations for the betterment of the HRM practices in the industry. Therefore, evidences depict that many changes have been adopted by the construction industry in the context of human resource management (HRM) and this study would enlighten new approaches to make it more advance in this regard (Chenget al. 2006). Background of the Research More than a decade human resource management has become one of the aspect that has developed and matured with time and formed as a discipline exercised by the organizations in the context of managing people. The increasing market demand and altering industrial environment that have pushed the organization especially the construction industry to concentrate on the practices of managing the human capital in the organizations (Teo, 2013). It is the human resource management theories that has invented techniques for managing human capital in organizations. Hence, it is would be illogical to provide all the relevant theories that has shaped the practices of human resource management. Thus, few theories would be discussed here in order to provide a superficial perspective in this regard (Esmi and Ennals, 2009). Role behavior theory The role behavior theory depicts the aim to predict the behavior of individuals in an organization that would help the managers to take decision in the context of people management and ensure the positiveeffects of the future consequences of such decision taken on behalf of the organization. The key focus that the theory preaches is the change of employee relation in order to make them able to cope with the changing atmosphere and set the level of their performance in accordance with the market demands. Comparative advantage theory The comparative theory depicts the engagement of human capital in drawing competitive advantage to the organization. The human capital is the base of any organization to draw more profitability and sustainability in the market. It mainly focuses on the act of strengthening internal capability and also needs attention in reducing the production cost per unit. Hence, acquiring internal capability means having good base of human capital management that is able to produce cheaper, but quality products and services. Human capital theory The human capital theory advocates the advancement of human capital in organization due to training and development programs included in the HRM practices. It has been now largely acknowledged by theorist that high investment to develop human capital has increased the performance level of the organizations. Hence, the human resource training and development programs must be formed based on the human capital models developed in this regard (Kaufman, 2001). Act of Managing People in the Construction Industry The economic and the contractual factors have influenced the construction industry, though it has been inspired by the project based works and factors for a long time. The substantial labor management in most of the countries has made the relationship between the employee and the employer cordial, the human capital in the form of the labors took the shape of the base of delivering success to the project work in the construction industry (Gardner and Wright, 2009). In order to assess the changing patterns of human resource management practices in the construction industry, the practices related to the HRM need to be assessed through macro and micro perspectives of HRM in the construction industry. These both perspectives needs to be elaborated through three dimensional aspects, namely, a) human focus, b) resource focus, c) management focus. But in this study the researcher has concentrated on a specific dimension of management focus, human focus and resource focus, in order to give a detailed description of the changing scenario of the construction industry (Geare etal.2006). Management Focus Most of the literature related to this topic have been focused on the contribution of human capital to enrich the profitability of an organization and consider them as the best resource of an organization to draw competitive advantage at the same time in the construction industry. Another important aspect that needs to be highlighted in order to elaborate the role of HR functions and the contributions of the organizational management in the context of managing people in the construction industry (Lin, 2011). In the construction industry the completion of a successful project encompass workers and multiple parties that demands an effective people management policy to manage the diversity between the workers and the parties. Besides, the role of the HR managers in early period of time depends on the transitional and employment requirements of an organization, but contemporarily the role of HR managers needs to adapt the strategic way to develop their responsibilities that include adapt ation of the industrial changes, building organizational culture and appear as partner of the business that the organization is conducting (Minbaevaet al. 2009). Human Focus On the other hand, the relevant data that advocates in relation to human focus explains the well being of the employees and concentrate on their needs at the same time. In this context, the HRM focuses on developing a healthy and effective relationship between the employee and the organization. If it can be assessed from a micro perspective the human focus concentrates mainly on the aspects of employee relationship and nature of employment and issues regarding employees. In relation to the construction industry, it can be summed up by saying that human focus is another vital aspect that manages the relationship between employee and employers and the way in which employers communicate, negotiate with employees (Caven, 2013). Resource Focus In the case of elaborating the resource focus in relation to the construction industry, it can be asserted that as HRM performs in accordance with its nature of human focus. It also concentrates on the resources like employees, which is able to draw quality performance. From a micro perspective, it can be discussed that the HRM of an organization advocates the human capital by nature that includes the reformation of strategic structure, maintain employee relation while keeping the profitability of the organization in mind. Besides, from a macro perspective, it has been realized that the HRM of an organization also perceives the resource based view regarding the needs of the employees in an organization. Most of the information that has been employed in the course of this study is supported by resource based view that depicts the fact that people management are the key to generate effective HRM in the construction industry (Cheng et al. 2006). It is the HR managers who are able to inc ulcate changes that would be effective in the context of HRM practice. Hence, in the construction industry the skills and the knowledge of the HR managers are fundamental in this context, but many companies in the construction industry fail to identify the quality of HR professionals. Discussed from a macro perspectives, it can be realized that the HR function in the construction industry has gone through lot of changes. The HRM practices that manifests change generated by the influence exercised on the national, international and workplace of an organization (Wilkinsonet al. 2012). Hence, focusing on the management aspects enlighten that scope to study about the changing patterns of the HRM practices that has broaden the scope for the organization to think about renovating their exiting people management theories in the construction industry and prepare the people acting within the industry to cope with the changing working environment as well (Greed, 2013). Critical Analysis and Discussion In this component of the study the critical perspective in the context of changing patterns of human resource management in the construction industry would be elaborated based on a case study or hypothetical example of Tarmac, one of the leading building material supplier in the UK. Through this instance the limits and other practices related to it would be highlighted in the context of HRM practices of the construction industry. Tarmac has been formed in 1903 in the UK and become one of the leading building material supplier and also engaged with other sectors like, manufacturing light bulbs and supplying building materials for constructing roads and also contributed to the sectors like toothpaste and chewing gum etc. (Lafarge Tarmac. 2016). There are many other different aspects that work behind a successful organization, but this example has been employed in order to elaborate the condition and implementation of human resource management practices in the construction industry. Here the researcher has highlighted the human resource practices within Tarmac and how the changing patterns helped Tarmac to meet its objectives and organizational goals. Figure: structure of human resource management of Tarmac. Source: (Businesscasestudies.co.uk. 2016). The key concept of human resource management is to understand that what kind of HRM practices does an organization need to inculcateto achieve its goals. In case of Tarmac, it can be said that it requires skill and knowledge that HR professionals need to acquire in order to generate effective strategic outlines for the organizational and the employees as well. It involves the entire business planning for future in which the HR professionals plays an important role. As mentioned earlier that it takes the right skills and knowledge to enable an organization to meets its organizational objectives. In case of construction industry it could be presented as a representative of the entire sector as the changing patterns in HRM are being highlighted through this particular instance. Tarmac has prepared a field in which all the employees need to contribute in diverse way in order to achieve the vision of the organization to obtain the exceptional. In order to engage employee performance and m anage human capital at the same time Tarmac has generated five goals demonstrating through the word DREAM that illustrates develop market, reduce cost, engage employees, act responsibly and manage assets. Figure: organizational goals set by the management of Tarmac. Source: (Businesscasestudies.co.uk. 2016). Tarmac has enhanced the HRM practices by adopting the changing patterns of the HRM practices that most organizations in the construction industry ignores or did not find the scope to concentrate on such matter. The main feature of the management system of Tarmac is to engage its employees and the HR function works in this regard to provide appropriate training programs and internal and external course for the employees in order to develop and grow their skills in the respective areas they are working on. Hence, in order to achieve the exceptional communication is important and in this case HR managers are the key to deliver all the required element that develop a working environment for the employees (Lafarge Tarmac. 2016). In case of depicting the merits of management focus in the context of HRM practices in the construction industry it can be said that, managing the people in an organization is one of the most important aspects, but in case of the construction industry discussion of human resource management has appeared too often. But it is evident that, contemporarily certain changes have been noticed in the construction sector and these changes in the human resource practices have broaden the scope for the organization to concentrate on rectifying the old ones (Siew, 2014). Therefore, among the three dimensions of HRM perspective in the construction industry the management focus is important as without the HR professional or managers employees would not be able to acquire skills or targets in relation to obtain organizational goals. On the other hand it has some limitation that highlights, not only management but also the human capital and resources accumulated through their delivery of work is als o important in solving the issues related to the HRM in the construction industry. Through the instances of organization acting in the construction industry the positive side of the changed HRM patterns are being evaluated and it impacts at the same time. Hence, it can be said that in the given instance the role of management focus has been discussed though in a converse way, but it explained that at present organizations are growing and drawing competitive advantage through the adaptation of new HRM practices and changing the future scenario as well (Silvius and Schipper, 2014). Recommendations This study has provided several different outlooks regarding the HRM practices in the construction industry, but here the researcher has concentrated on the management aspects of an organization which explains that the HR functionalities are the key concept of generating effective practices in relation to manage people in an organization. In this regard few recommendations can be cited in order to highlight the effectiveness of the approaches and the applicability of it in practical. As the study has discussed about the management perspective, therefore, it can be said that most of the training programs, recruitment process and accountability for managing HR issues are bestowed on the project managers. Thus, the emotional intelligence has a significant effect on the work performances of the project managers in the construction sector. Hence, it is evident that the level of emotional intelligence can influence the performance of the employees, as the managers are solely devoted to the project work. On the other hand, impact of the approach that the research has adopted could be mentioned in terms of many organizations in the construction sector have employed and concentrated on the management perspective as it has been believe that without a proper HR function an organization would not be able to generate effective HRM strategies. Besides, the organization that are implementing the management perspective approached need to be aware of the fact that whether this approach is suitable and able to cope with the present structure of their organizational and cultural base. In order to generate effective outcomes the strategy needs to fit with the project goals and organizational culture and also to enhance the benefits of such implementations. The benefits of the strategies that are drawn from the project goals must be aligned in order to become a part of the entire organizational project and corporate structure (Sderlund and Bredin, 2006). Conclusion To conclude this study it can be cited that this research work has been devoted to bring out the issues related to the HRM practices in the construction industry. After the entire assessment of the HRM in the construction industry it can be realized that there are many aspects that are responsible for the generation of the issues in this regard which includes, poor management of employee relation that may affect both the quality of work and performance of the employees. Hence, the HRM practices have been elaborated from both macro and micro perspective depending upon the three dimensional element of HRM, among which the researcher has concentrated on the management perspective that enhanced other important side of HRM in an organization. The role of an HR manager has also been evaluated. Apart from this, instances of construction project and organization has been provided in relation to HRM practices that has highlighted the approach mentioned in this study in order to assess the pre sent HRM practices of the construction sectors and the impacts of the adoption of the changing patterns of HRM by the organization. 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