Perception Paradigm Essays - Sexual Health, HIVAIDS, Sexual Acts

Recognition Paradigm Numerous hypotheses and much examination has been directed on contraception when all is said in done, and all the more as of late on condoms specifically, because of the AIDS scourge (Lear, 1995). Condom use and AIDS training are fundamental instruments for diminishing the effect of the sickness, yet less than 33% of explicitly dynamic undergrads report steady condom use (Seal and Palmer-Seal, 1996). It appears that explicitly dynamic people once in a while talk about more secure sex or get some information about their accomplice's sexual action before taking part in sexual action (Seal and Palmer-Seal, 1996). This brings up certain issues concerning the cause of the shirking of more secure sex conversation. It has been discovered that the relational responses of sexual accomplices, as opposed to the less immediate contemplations of AIDS hazard, impact mentalities towards condoms and condom utilization (Casteneda and Collins, 1995). These individual communications among accomplices i n a sexual relationship are a consequence of mentalities each accomplice conveys about sex, contraception and a sexual relationship itself. Mentalities can be found out by methods for individual observation assessments, which present the practices of an objective individual (e.g., presenting a condom) and order the social implications forced on the entertainer inside the circumstance (Castenada and Collins, 1995). So as to precisely assess the social implications inside a sexual relationship utilizing an individual observation worldview, the worldview itself, just as the correspondence designs about the relationship and condom utilization must be surveyed. Individual Perception Paradigm and This Study The adequacy of the individual observation worldview for precisely assembling the social implications suggested by specific activities has been demonstrated in past exploration (Collins address). While most examination legitimately asks members what they think, individual observation contemplates a progressively unobtrusive methods for picking up the members responses. The current investigation utilized an individual discernment test to assess the perspectives of members about ladies in a sexual relationship when she either proposed a condom, or said nothing regarding contraception, while communicating either concern or saying nothing regarding her passionate state. There were four various potential kinds of circumstances that the male eyewitnesses could have been given: the concerned female who didn't propose a condom, the concerned female who stated, I have a condom with me, the female who said nothing and didn't propose a condom, and the female who said nothing regarding her passionate state, yet said she had a condom with her. These females were then assessed by male onlookers on different parts of her apparent character. Guys evaluated the females on such things as, on the off chance that they were dynamic or aloof, on the off chance that they were indiscriminate or not, and so on. No other exploration has tended to a sexual circumstance where ladies talk about their emotions and present a condom in an individual observation worldview. It will be intriguing to perceive how the male members survey the circumstance. This investigation utilized six unique scales included separate things so as to precisely evaluate the discernments the male spectators held about the female targets. The scales were a Sexual allure scale, which decided how explicitly appealing the lady was, an Obligation scale, which decided the degree to which the lady was dependable, an Assumes responsibility scale, which evaluated the male onlooker's thoughts regarding how dynamic the ladies in the circumstances were and two different scales which surveyed how Decent and Energizing the lady was. It is guessed that there will be high relationships between's the different things inside every one of these scales, which shows that the things will quantify comparable properties. Yet, there will be low connections between's any two scales and between any things and a different scale, which will demonstrate that the scales were estimating various qualities. Past Research on the Person Perception Paradigm Past examination has discovered that individuals do settle on decisions dependent on the prophylactic decisions that target

Brief Analysis of How EUs Policies Have Influenced the Car Industry Term Paper

Brief Analysis of How EUs Policies Have Influenced the Car Industry - Term Paper Example The vehicle business is no special case. The arrangements surrounded by the political administration for the vehicle business depend on the data gave by various partners and the push and pulls are solid and vital. Thus, such strategies must be adjusted with the goal that they don't seem to lean for one partner at the expense of another. The significant partners in the vehicle business viz. the makers, the OEMs, the wholesalers, society and the preservationists settle on their commitments and impact the choice of the policymakers. These commitments and impacts don't generally concur and can be very various and even angry. For example, the commitments of vehicle producers and the hippies are assorted to such an extent that any legislature will be hard put to outline approaches pleasing to the two gatherings. The vehicle business is deteriorating in the United States (US) and the European Union. This industry has indicated an ascent in creating economies like China, India, Brazil, and Eastern Europe. In the United States and the EU, the endurance of the business relies upon advancement, assortment and innovation combination (Ahlgrimm, Michael, p3). Client requests for these are high in the US and the EU. Steady advancement likewise assumes a helpful job in higher vitality productivity. There is an ocean change in the vehicle advertise. Until the 1980s, the market was overwhelmed by a couple of huge players who consumed and were in a situation to turn out explicit models however easy to use were not so much individualized to suit the prerequisites of individual clients. This has now changed. There is more noteworthy attention to client particulars when planning vehicles of various models. The vehicle advertise is no more the venders' market. It is the purchasers' market. Affectability to client inclinations and tastes controls the business. The buying power combined with the insight of the client chooses the one of a kind deals purposes of the vehicle advertise. In this situation, it isn't just expense yet in addition the remarkable highlights incorporated with the vehicle framework that wins in the market.â

How to Select Best Writing Service

How to Select Best Writing Service Tips for Choosing the Best Writing Service Home›Informative Posts›Tips for Choosing the Best Writing Service Informative PostsWhen you get a college writing assignment, you have only two options: to spend several hours trying to write the paper on your own or to get your assignment done by some writing service. While those students who don’t have a part-time job and are able to allocate most of their time to studying are completely fine with the first option, there are other students who, for whatever reason, simply don’t have enough time to write their paper by themselves. Thus, they have to turn to professionals who can complete their assignment quickly and at high quality standards. These days, you can find a great number of writing services online. But how do you choose the best writing service?Things to consider when looking for the best writing service:PricingThe vast majority of students do not have big sums of extra money, which they can spend on whatever they want, like paying for their writing assignment. That is why affordability of writing services is what you should always take into consideration. Remember, you don’t need the best writing service ever; you need the best writing service for you. Some services might charge a high price claiming that your paper will be written by a Pulitzer Prize winner, but does it really matter to you? As long as your paper is of high quality and delivered on time, you don’t really care who wrote it. So there’s no need to overpay.Looking where to BUY AN ESSAY?Save your time and money! Use QualityCustomEssays.com professionals service to get an A+ paper Place an order get 15%offfor your first orderFeedbackOne of the most convenient ways to find out about the quality of basically any product or service is to read reviews of people who have already tried it. That is why the best writing service is not afraid to allow their customers leave feedback on their official web-site or elsewhere. However, you ha ve to look through the comments section very carefully: if all the comments are positive and sound alike and a bit unnatural, it’s likely that they are fake.Language CompetenceWhen you are searching for the best writing service, you need to know whether your paper will be written by a native speaker or not. Many writing companies use the services of foreign writers, since they don’t have to pay them as much as they would have to pay to native speakers. Very often, it results in poor grammar, inappropriate use of the vocabulary and various stylistic mistakes. And you don’t want to pay for a low-quality work, do you?All in all, in order to find the best writing service, you need to make sure that their price policy corresponds to the quality of the services they provide. Also, you should always pay attention to the feedback provided by the service’s previous customers.

Breast Cancer Screening - 1787 Words

An analysis of the effectiveness of population-based screening for breast cancer. Breast cancer is the leading cause of death due to cancer in women, with statistics from the USA showing that one in eight women will develop the disease.1 Studies in the UK show that 90% of women diagnosed in the early stages survive the disease, while this figure is only 15% if diagnosed at a later stage illustrating the importance of an effective screening programme to reduce mortality.2 In the following essay I will review various randomised control studies and cohort studies in order to establish how nationwide screening programmes best reduce mortality, looking at the targeted sector of the population and the methods in practice. I will also address†¦show more content†¦With the majority of tumours being slow growing it has been established from various studies that biennial screening is the most effective time frame. This is due to the identification of slow growing tumours at an early enough stage for recovery and at the same time ensures a reduced rate of false-posi tives compared to annual mammograms.5 â€Å"In addition, since the proportion of DCIS is highest in younger women, screen detection of DCIS that may not be clinically signiï ¬ cant could be considered a further harm.†5 Therefore it is the woman’s prerogative whether the risk of cancer outweighs the possibility of coming into contact with the aforementioned harms. With the implementation of mammograms as a population based screening program the targeted population must be scrutinised, because although it is common practice for women over 40 to be covered by health insurance for mammograms there are increasing numbers of women below that age with breast cancer.Show MoreRelatedAn Invitation For Breast Cancer Screening923 Words   |  4 Pagesinvitation for breast cancer screening Body Global incidence - cancer as a second most common type of cancer -high rate of breast cancer in high income countries Breast compression - why is necessary, mammography process explanation Risk factors – age - cancer increases with age and why -genetic factor-breast cancer in the family Advantages of breast cancer screening - effective method, non-invasive Conclusion Breast screening=early detection=Read MoreThe Ethical Phenomenon Of Breast Cancer Screening And Treatments867 Words   |  4 Pagesboth the BRCA1 and BRCA 2 gene mutations and choosing bilateral mastectomies for early-stage breast cancers (Weintraub, 2015). Oncologists saw a 50% increase for risk-reduction mastectomy surgery related to the â€Å"Jolie Effect†. The impact of an actress, known for her beauty, to willing risk her body image to increase her lifespan survival has philanthropically advanced the issues surrounding breast cancer. Racial Cultural Williams, Templin, and Hines (2013) identified that some populations groupsRead MoreA Process Evaluation For A Comprehensive Breast Cancer Screening Intervention1049 Words   |  5 Pagescomprehensive breast cancer screening intervention: Challenges and opportunities, the authors are Claire J. Vivadro, Jo Anne L. Earp and Mary Altpeter, and the article was published 1997 in the Evaluation and Program Planning, Vol. 20 No. 3 pages 237- 249. The North Carolina-Based Breast Cancer Screening Program (NC-BCSP) was questioning if they could increase African-American women’s access to breast cancer screening, would this help women determine their risk factors and seek further screening processRead MoreHealth Promotion Programme On Breast Cancer Screening Program1866 Words   |  8 Pagestheir health†. This paper deals with a health promotion programme on breast cancer screening. It also deals with the aims, goals, and objectives of this programme. The paper describes the health promotion programme in the contexts of The Treaty of Waitangi and The Ottawa charter for health promotion. Breast cancer screening programme: This is a health promotion programme developed in order to reduce the occurrence of breast cancer among women over the age of 45 to 69 through early diagnosis and treatmentRead MoreEvaluation Of Screening For Breast Cancer1371 Words   |  6 PagesChoose one of the screenings listed in the USPSTF Guide to Clinical Preventative Services. Evaluate the screening using the following criteria: reliability, validity, sensitivity, specificity, and cost-benefit ratio. Discuss any ethical issues associated with this screening. In 2002, the U. S. Preventative Services Task Force (USPSTF, 2002, 2014) issued its’ recommendation statement regarding breast cancer screening for the general population. It looked at the efficacy of five screening methods in reducingRead MoreBreast Cancer : The Most Common Cause Of Death Among Women Essay1574 Words   |  7 PagesBreast cancer is the most common cause of death among women (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2016). The latest data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (C.D.C.) state that in 2013 230,815 women in the United States were diagnosed with breast cancer, and in 2013 40,860 women died from breast cancer (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2016). From 2002 to 2012, the occurrences of a breast cancer diagnosis remained at an even level, however the death rate from breastRead MorePreventative Measures Report On Health Screening Programmes1146 Words   |  5 Pagesreport Health screening programmes Definition – Screening programmes are to detect early signs of cancer. Different health screening programmes You get loads of different screening programmes, I am going to go through 3 different health programmes, I will also go through the advantages and disadvantages of each on furthermore and most importantly I will describe the role of each programme Firstly I am going to be looking at: ïÆ'Ëœ The NHS Breast Screening Programme ïÆ'Ëœ The NHS Cervical Screening ProgrammeRead MoreAngelina Jolie s Effect On Breast Cancer1599 Words   |  7 Pagesself-esteem. Cancer cells can spread and return. Sometimes, this dense breast tissue makes cancer cells more difficult to detect. Owing to Angelina Jolie’s effect, breast cancer referral rates rose nearly 2.5 times in the United Kingdom from 2012 to 2013 (Evans, 2014). This effect caused global awareness of breast cancer and reminded women to notice this disease including a mammogram screening and routine breast self-exam. Annually, more than 200,000 American women suffer from breast cancer and approximatelyRead MoreAccessibility Of Services As Facilitating Factors1401 Words   |  6 Pagesdefined as those factors related to the availability of screening services to participants. Good accessibility of services was seen as a facilitating factor for screening, under the general theme of government and community support. Issues related to this category included a women’s insurance status, the availability of affordable screening services, particularly mass screening projects at the workplace, and having adequate transportation to screening sites (Hatefnia et al., 2010). Accessibility of servicesRead MoreLets Stay Abreast Program Paper1589 Words   |  7 Pages The â€Å"Let’s Stay Abreast Program† focus is to plan, promote, and implement a program that will educate and provide screening to help decrease the incidence and reduce mortality of breast cancer, through early detection among women in Co-Op, Bronx, New York. In 2016, 91 million was spent on Governor Cuomo’s initiative to increase breast cancer awareness and screening by focusing on providing public awareness campaign, community outreach programs, patient navigators, and mobile mammography vans (Governor

Machiavellis Views on Leadership- It Is Better to be...

According to Machiavellis view of how to be an effective leader, a ruler should be one who is feared but not hated. Machiavelli states that fear is better than love because love is unreliable. All of the reasons that Machiavelli gives relate to how human nature controls men and drives them to commit crimes in order to reach their goals and satisfy themselves. Before the organization of Italy as a country, it was broken into city-states one of which Machiavelli called home. He was a Florentine and was deeply concerned with how the political governments of Italy worked because the city-states were almost constantly at war with each another. Machiavelli wrote The Prince when the Republic of Florence fell and was replaced by an autocrat†¦show more content†¦A ruler needs to maintain a positive public image and please as many of the population as possible. It is impossible to please everyone whether you are an effective or ineffective ruler, but maintaining the support of the majority of the masses is of paramount concern in being a successful leader. Machiavelli says that a ruler must be a combination of a fox and a lion. A ruler needs to have the cunning mind of a fox but also needs to have the strength of a lion so that he can destroy anyone who opposes him. Machiavelli addresses the topic of whether it is safer to be cruel or loved. He states: Upon this a question arises: whether it be better to be loved than feared or feared than loved? It may be answered that one should wish to be both, but, because it is difficult to unite them in one person, it is much safer to be feared than loved, when, of the two, either must be dispensed with (Machiavelli 133-137) He says that it is safer to be feared because the sole purpose of a ruler is to keep order. Machiavelli is not saying that it is necessarily better to be feared, he is saying that it is safer because the peopleShow MoreRelatedMachiavellis The Prince And Plato1417 Words   |  6 Pagesthe subject of leadership. Two main philosophers come to mind when thinking of this topic and they are Machiavelli with his book The Prince and Plato’s dialogue The Republic. The Republic takes a very theoretical point of view on leadership and portrays life as it should be in an ideal state, whereas Machiavelli’s The Prince, takes a more realistic point of view. Machiavelli is less interested with what things should be and is more concerned about how the world is and how a good leader should lead inRead MoreIs It Better to Be Loved or Feared as a Leader?1774 Words   |  7 PagesWhether a leader is feared or loved has been a debated issue by philosophers for many years. You could argue t hat a leader being loved is better because of the trust and motivation sides of things, or you could say to be feared is better because people follow rules and orders better. What is the role of government in human society? Whether being ruled under democracy, dictatorship, or autocracy all of these types of governments do however have one thing in common. All of these types of leaderships haveRead MoreMacolili Vs Machiavelli1262 Words   |  6 Pageswill always lead one to wonder which is the least corrupting. There are no two ideologies that clash more than Machiavelli’s views on violence in The Prince and Socrates views within The Trial and Death of Socrates. Machiavelli’s views advocate for instilling fear in subjects through violence, but to avoid hatred. Socrates is the leading proponent of believing it is better to be harmed than to harm. Both can easily lead to corruption outside of their strengths, but deciding which is the more corruptingRead MoreConnections Between Hitler And The Prince1307 Words   |  6 Pagesor will not be at all† (â€Å"Adolf Hitler Quote†). Adolph Hitler became the leader of the German Nazi party in 1933. His leadership was both loved and despised. He controlled the Nazi party for more than a decade (â€Å"Adolph Hitler†). Considering the length of Hitler’s reign, he must have had leadership qualities that people found admirable or they feared him so greatly that no one would attempt to overthrow him. In Machiavelli’s The Prince, a list is given explaining specific attributes and thoughtsRead MoreSocrates Vs Machiavelli2003 Words   |  9 Pagesfor their time. Machiavelli’s â€Å"The Prince and the Discourses† outlines Machiavelli’s ideal prince and what a prince should do in power. Plato writes about the trial and death of Socrates and what he says about how people are supposed to act as well as how society should be changed. Socrates if he read Machiav elli’s concept of an ideal prince would say that he is too violent, selfish, and cruel. In addition, Socrates would not be supportive of a political system in which Machiavelli’s Prince would leadRead MoreEssay on Lao Tzus Teachings on Effective Government1206 Words   |  5 PagesAmerican political government contained two large parties which control most of the Congress: the Democrat and Republic parties. Both parties have held different points of view on different topics such as health care. However an effective government is also based on a how a leader governs the country. Lao Tzu was an ancient Chinese philosopher, and Niccolo Machiavelli, in The Prince, an Italian philosopher, present ideas that are very contradictory to each other. Lao Tzu appears liberal as a masterRead MoreMachiavelli Vs Plato1614 Words   |  7 PagesRowan DeGasperis Brandon Ives GVPT241 Due: 10/13/17 Socrates’ View on Machiavelli’s Ideologies Niccolà ² Machiavelli and Socrates are two thinkers who are highly regarded, respected, and renowned by today’s scholars due to their roles in shaping their separate versions of an ideal political system during their respective times of uncertainty, political fragmentation, and violence. Although their opinions vary, the men laid the foundation for present day political establishments and opened up the doorRead MoreSocrates And Machiavelli1961 Words   |  8 Pageswould Socrates think of Machiavelli’s political world? Socrates and Machiavelli were some of the most influential political philosophers in their respective times. Some argue that their view of empowering individuals, whether it be through free speech or ruthless fighting, are quite similar. However, their views of leadership and government do not align. Socrates’ support for free expression and due process makes his view of effective governance far different from Machiavelli’s focus on national securityRead MoreNiccolo Machiavelli s The Prince2212 Words   |  9 Pagesan influential and wealthy family who provided him with meticulous educational training customary for many men of the middle class during the Renaissance period. Young Machiavelli also spent two additional years studying business mathematics. Machiavelli’s education allowed him to spend the next seven years in Rome working for a Florentine banker. After returning to Florence in 1494, he witnessed the removal of the Medici, the Italian bourgeois famil y that ruled Florence and later Tuscany for decadesRead MoreWhat Makes A Leader?1131 Words   |  5 Pages What does it mean to be a leader? What qualities does a leader have? How do you become a good leader? Leader have many qualities that represent a wise person. There are leaders in everyday life and most of the time we don’t realize, their leaders. If we didn’t have leaders in life, nothing would get done and people would be clueless. Leader tend to lead when the time gets tough and people look to them. What happens if your leader is not a good leader? Your leader can also lead you into trouble and

Bulk carrier and oil tanker ship construction Free Essays

Introduction: Types of Ships discussed: Bulk Carriers Oil Tanker Here I discuss about two types of ships which are bulk carrier and oil tanker. The pictorial explanation gives general difference between both the vessels. Bulk Carriers: The name itself says that they carry products in bulk quantities. We will write a custom essay sample on Bulk carrier and oil tanker ship construction or any similar topic only for you Order Now Ex: Edible commodities, raw materials and finished steel products. Bulk carriers can be with or without cargo gear. Those without will use the shore gear for cargo operations. The construction will be usually single or double hull with DB’s and TST’s. Side hopper tanks. During rough weathers the ballast is taken into the cargo hold so that CG comes down there by minimizing the stresses. Cargo grabs can enter easily due to wide opening of cargo hold. The excessive cutting area reduces deck strength, but suitably compensated with the hatch coaming structure. Pontoons will cover the cargo hold will differ in size, shape and operation depends on manufacturer. Pillars with deck girders supported by brackets and beams will take the weight of pontoons. The tanks tops are strong enough to bear stress caused by bulldozers or bob cats when they operate to collect cargo in cargo holds. Tankers: Tankers are designed to carry liquid cargos in bulk quantities depending on their size. The entire cargo operation will be through pipe lines. For carrying cargo operations they have to call berths fitted with chicksen or hoses. Smaller tankers usually used to supply bunkers and lube oils to the bigger vessels at anchorages. The vessels that carry gas also called as tankers. In shipping world tankers constitutes 35% tonnage presently. Tankers vary in size. From 500 GT to the world’s ultra large crude carrier MT.Hellespont Alhambra with dwt of 441,585. This type of ultra large tankers usually carry crude from the point of production to the refineries. The size and number of the cargo tanks will vary from ship to ship depending on the size and construction of the vessel. The divisions of the tanks are made possible by both longitudinal and transverse bulkheads with strengthened frames and corrugations to give extra strength to the bulkheads. These bulkheads in turn reduce rackin g stresses and prevent fire and flooding to progress to the other part of the vessel. The role function and general layout of bulk carrier and Tanker are explained above. Structural differences of Bulk carrier and Oil Tanker as follows: Structural FeatureBulk CarrierOil Tanker Cargo Hold openingsLarge cargo hold openingsSmall opening to enter cargo hold Cargo OperationBy Ship/Shore gear, Sling, suit or conveyorBy pipe line AppearencePipelines all around deckComparatively less pipelines Cargo gear when fittedCranes, DerricksUsually one or two mid ship cranes Extra MachineryDoesn’t require extra machineryInert Gas, Separate pump room Construction of HullNot CompulsoryDouble Hull Compulsory Cat walksFitted Athwart shipFitted longitudinally Cargo Tank CleaningEasyComparatively different and COW washing Company’s permissionNo need to obtain permission to enter in cargo hold. (Risk Assessment Carried out)Permission from company is mandatory, (Risk Assessment Carried out) Panting and Pounding arrangements as expressed below: (Diagrams Attached) Panting : The force exerted on ships side plating due to the vessels rising and falling due to waves is called panting. The bow part experience more pressure as compared to stern. Panting beams, stringers and deep floors will make the vessel to overcome this problem. Pounding : During excessive pitching the fore foot bottom plating will slam the water with high force which is called as pounding. It could be because of excessive speed, much stern trim or too little ballast. By increasing the bottom plate thickness, longitudinal framings, transverse frames with side girders and more side frames helps the vessel to withstand these stresses. Regional Stresses affecting Bulk Carriers: (Diagrams Attached) Care to be taken always while loading and continuous monitoring for hogging and sagging. Sagging comes in the areas where more weight and hogging comes in the area of less weight. Uneven distribution of weight could lead the ship breaking into two. However even after loading to even keel still the vessel experiences this problem due to the waves. During rough weather extra care to be taken as the high raising waves provides extra buoyancy. Transverse Stress: These are caused due to force exerted from cargo or structural weights or motion in sea way which in turn affects the ships cross sectional area. Racking: Rolling causes ship’s deck to move laterally when compared to bottom thereby causing the side shells to move vertically relative to each other At any given time the stresses on board should be within the limits of harbor and sea going conditions as given in loadicator. Bibliography: College Hand out, Moodle.stc.uk Classroom Running Notes Merchant ship construction by D.A.Tailor 3rd edition 1992 Merchant ship construction by P.J.Pursey 7th edition Glasgow 1983 Safe Tanker Operations by Capt.K.S.D.Mistree, A Marinez Publication There are other stresses which are equally important to discuss but due to the word restriction I was unable to discuss in this assignment. The Diagrams are enclosed separately to this assignment which most of the stress are explanatory. How to cite Bulk carrier and oil tanker ship construction, Essay examples

Construction Management Management in the Organizational Structure

Question: Discuss about theConstruction Management for Management in the Organizational Structure. Answer: Introduction From past few decades it has been observed that human resource management in the organizational structure remain as one of the supportive pillars and managing people is the most important part in running a successful organization. In the context of construction industry it has been realized that the task of managing people has been very difficult and challenging for it (Caligiuri, 2014). In spite of its well established socio economic structure the construction industry remained unperceivable especially in the context of human relation. Being the part of the global economy the construction industry faced issues related to the human resource management due to its lack of attention to the labor workforce and human capital management. Besides, it have been argued by many researchers in the previous researches that human capital forms the base of good performance and growth of the organization. It is a rare thing and the most surprising fact at the same time that the HRM practices in the construction industry have been devoid of specific and detailed elaboration for so long(Caven, 2013). Hence, this study has been solely contributedto the elaboration of the changing patterns of HRM practices in the construction industry that remained unnoticed for such along time. The researcher has provided theories related to HRM practices in the organizational structure and critically evaluated the appropriate area of focus that would highlight the new ways of incorporating effective HRM practices in the construction industry. Apart from this, this study would also provide an analysis of the critical thinking and recommendations for the betterment of the HRM practices in the industry. Therefore, evidences depict that many changes have been adopted by the construction industry in the context of human resource management (HRM) and this study would enlighten new approaches to make it more advance in this regard (Chenget al. 2006). Background of the Research More than a decade human resource management has become one of the aspect that has developed and matured with time and formed as a discipline exercised by the organizations in the context of managing people. The increasing market demand and altering industrial environment that have pushed the organization especially the construction industry to concentrate on the practices of managing the human capital in the organizations (Teo, 2013). It is the human resource management theories that has invented techniques for managing human capital in organizations. Hence, it is would be illogical to provide all the relevant theories that has shaped the practices of human resource management. Thus, few theories would be discussed here in order to provide a superficial perspective in this regard (Esmi and Ennals, 2009). Role behavior theory The role behavior theory depicts the aim to predict the behavior of individuals in an organization that would help the managers to take decision in the context of people management and ensure the positiveeffects of the future consequences of such decision taken on behalf of the organization. The key focus that the theory preaches is the change of employee relation in order to make them able to cope with the changing atmosphere and set the level of their performance in accordance with the market demands. Comparative advantage theory The comparative theory depicts the engagement of human capital in drawing competitive advantage to the organization. The human capital is the base of any organization to draw more profitability and sustainability in the market. It mainly focuses on the act of strengthening internal capability and also needs attention in reducing the production cost per unit. Hence, acquiring internal capability means having good base of human capital management that is able to produce cheaper, but quality products and services. Human capital theory The human capital theory advocates the advancement of human capital in organization due to training and development programs included in the HRM practices. It has been now largely acknowledged by theorist that high investment to develop human capital has increased the performance level of the organizations. Hence, the human resource training and development programs must be formed based on the human capital models developed in this regard (Kaufman, 2001). Act of Managing People in the Construction Industry The economic and the contractual factors have influenced the construction industry, though it has been inspired by the project based works and factors for a long time. The substantial labor management in most of the countries has made the relationship between the employee and the employer cordial, the human capital in the form of the labors took the shape of the base of delivering success to the project work in the construction industry (Gardner and Wright, 2009). In order to assess the changing patterns of human resource management practices in the construction industry, the practices related to the HRM need to be assessed through macro and micro perspectives of HRM in the construction industry. These both perspectives needs to be elaborated through three dimensional aspects, namely, a) human focus, b) resource focus, c) management focus. But in this study the researcher has concentrated on a specific dimension of management focus, human focus and resource focus, in order to give a detailed description of the changing scenario of the construction industry (Geare etal.2006). Management Focus Most of the literature related to this topic have been focused on the contribution of human capital to enrich the profitability of an organization and consider them as the best resource of an organization to draw competitive advantage at the same time in the construction industry. Another important aspect that needs to be highlighted in order to elaborate the role of HR functions and the contributions of the organizational management in the context of managing people in the construction industry (Lin, 2011). In the construction industry the completion of a successful project encompass workers and multiple parties that demands an effective people management policy to manage the diversity between the workers and the parties. Besides, the role of the HR managers in early period of time depends on the transitional and employment requirements of an organization, but contemporarily the role of HR managers needs to adapt the strategic way to develop their responsibilities that include adapt ation of the industrial changes, building organizational culture and appear as partner of the business that the organization is conducting (Minbaevaet al. 2009). Human Focus On the other hand, the relevant data that advocates in relation to human focus explains the well being of the employees and concentrate on their needs at the same time. In this context, the HRM focuses on developing a healthy and effective relationship between the employee and the organization. If it can be assessed from a micro perspective the human focus concentrates mainly on the aspects of employee relationship and nature of employment and issues regarding employees. In relation to the construction industry, it can be summed up by saying that human focus is another vital aspect that manages the relationship between employee and employers and the way in which employers communicate, negotiate with employees (Caven, 2013). Resource Focus In the case of elaborating the resource focus in relation to the construction industry, it can be asserted that as HRM performs in accordance with its nature of human focus. It also concentrates on the resources like employees, which is able to draw quality performance. From a micro perspective, it can be discussed that the HRM of an organization advocates the human capital by nature that includes the reformation of strategic structure, maintain employee relation while keeping the profitability of the organization in mind. Besides, from a macro perspective, it has been realized that the HRM of an organization also perceives the resource based view regarding the needs of the employees in an organization. Most of the information that has been employed in the course of this study is supported by resource based view that depicts the fact that people management are the key to generate effective HRM in the construction industry (Cheng et al. 2006). It is the HR managers who are able to inc ulcate changes that would be effective in the context of HRM practice. Hence, in the construction industry the skills and the knowledge of the HR managers are fundamental in this context, but many companies in the construction industry fail to identify the quality of HR professionals. Discussed from a macro perspectives, it can be realized that the HR function in the construction industry has gone through lot of changes. The HRM practices that manifests change generated by the influence exercised on the national, international and workplace of an organization (Wilkinsonet al. 2012). Hence, focusing on the management aspects enlighten that scope to study about the changing patterns of the HRM practices that has broaden the scope for the organization to think about renovating their exiting people management theories in the construction industry and prepare the people acting within the industry to cope with the changing working environment as well (Greed, 2013). Critical Analysis and Discussion In this component of the study the critical perspective in the context of changing patterns of human resource management in the construction industry would be elaborated based on a case study or hypothetical example of Tarmac, one of the leading building material supplier in the UK. Through this instance the limits and other practices related to it would be highlighted in the context of HRM practices of the construction industry. Tarmac has been formed in 1903 in the UK and become one of the leading building material supplier and also engaged with other sectors like, manufacturing light bulbs and supplying building materials for constructing roads and also contributed to the sectors like toothpaste and chewing gum etc. (Lafarge Tarmac. 2016). There are many other different aspects that work behind a successful organization, but this example has been employed in order to elaborate the condition and implementation of human resource management practices in the construction industry. Here the researcher has highlighted the human resource practices within Tarmac and how the changing patterns helped Tarmac to meet its objectives and organizational goals. Figure: structure of human resource management of Tarmac. Source: (Businesscasestudies.co.uk. 2016). The key concept of human resource management is to understand that what kind of HRM practices does an organization need to inculcateto achieve its goals. In case of Tarmac, it can be said that it requires skill and knowledge that HR professionals need to acquire in order to generate effective strategic outlines for the organizational and the employees as well. It involves the entire business planning for future in which the HR professionals plays an important role. As mentioned earlier that it takes the right skills and knowledge to enable an organization to meets its organizational objectives. In case of construction industry it could be presented as a representative of the entire sector as the changing patterns in HRM are being highlighted through this particular instance. Tarmac has prepared a field in which all the employees need to contribute in diverse way in order to achieve the vision of the organization to obtain the exceptional. In order to engage employee performance and m anage human capital at the same time Tarmac has generated five goals demonstrating through the word DREAM that illustrates develop market, reduce cost, engage employees, act responsibly and manage assets. Figure: organizational goals set by the management of Tarmac. Source: (Businesscasestudies.co.uk. 2016). Tarmac has enhanced the HRM practices by adopting the changing patterns of the HRM practices that most organizations in the construction industry ignores or did not find the scope to concentrate on such matter. The main feature of the management system of Tarmac is to engage its employees and the HR function works in this regard to provide appropriate training programs and internal and external course for the employees in order to develop and grow their skills in the respective areas they are working on. Hence, in order to achieve the exceptional communication is important and in this case HR managers are the key to deliver all the required element that develop a working environment for the employees (Lafarge Tarmac. 2016). In case of depicting the merits of management focus in the context of HRM practices in the construction industry it can be said that, managing the people in an organization is one of the most important aspects, but in case of the construction industry discussion of human resource management has appeared too often. But it is evident that, contemporarily certain changes have been noticed in the construction sector and these changes in the human resource practices have broaden the scope for the organization to concentrate on rectifying the old ones (Siew, 2014). Therefore, among the three dimensions of HRM perspective in the construction industry the management focus is important as without the HR professional or managers employees would not be able to acquire skills or targets in relation to obtain organizational goals. On the other hand it has some limitation that highlights, not only management but also the human capital and resources accumulated through their delivery of work is als o important in solving the issues related to the HRM in the construction industry. Through the instances of organization acting in the construction industry the positive side of the changed HRM patterns are being evaluated and it impacts at the same time. Hence, it can be said that in the given instance the role of management focus has been discussed though in a converse way, but it explained that at present organizations are growing and drawing competitive advantage through the adaptation of new HRM practices and changing the future scenario as well (Silvius and Schipper, 2014). Recommendations This study has provided several different outlooks regarding the HRM practices in the construction industry, but here the researcher has concentrated on the management aspects of an organization which explains that the HR functionalities are the key concept of generating effective practices in relation to manage people in an organization. In this regard few recommendations can be cited in order to highlight the effectiveness of the approaches and the applicability of it in practical. As the study has discussed about the management perspective, therefore, it can be said that most of the training programs, recruitment process and accountability for managing HR issues are bestowed on the project managers. Thus, the emotional intelligence has a significant effect on the work performances of the project managers in the construction sector. Hence, it is evident that the level of emotional intelligence can influence the performance of the employees, as the managers are solely devoted to the project work. On the other hand, impact of the approach that the research has adopted could be mentioned in terms of many organizations in the construction sector have employed and concentrated on the management perspective as it has been believe that without a proper HR function an organization would not be able to generate effective HRM strategies. Besides, the organization that are implementing the management perspective approached need to be aware of the fact that whether this approach is suitable and able to cope with the present structure of their organizational and cultural base. In order to generate effective outcomes the strategy needs to fit with the project goals and organizational culture and also to enhance the benefits of such implementations. The benefits of the strategies that are drawn from the project goals must be aligned in order to become a part of the entire organizational project and corporate structure (Sderlund and Bredin, 2006). Conclusion To conclude this study it can be cited that this research work has been devoted to bring out the issues related to the HRM practices in the construction industry. After the entire assessment of the HRM in the construction industry it can be realized that there are many aspects that are responsible for the generation of the issues in this regard which includes, poor management of employee relation that may affect both the quality of work and performance of the employees. Hence, the HRM practices have been elaborated from both macro and micro perspective depending upon the three dimensional element of HRM, among which the researcher has concentrated on the management perspective that enhanced other important side of HRM in an organization. The role of an HR manager has also been evaluated. Apart from this, instances of construction project and organization has been provided in relation to HRM practices that has highlighted the approach mentioned in this study in order to assess the pre sent HRM practices of the construction sectors and the impacts of the adoption of the changing patterns of HRM by the organization. Hence, it can be asserted that adapting the ability to cope with the changing circumstances and industrial scenario related to the HRM practices of the organization would surely enhance scope the future profitability of the construction industry. References Businesscasestudies.co.uk. (2016).Construction sector | case studies from companies in the Construction industry | Business Case Studies. [online] Available at: https://businesscasestudies.co.uk/case-studies/by-industry/construction.html [Accessed 23 Jul. 2016]. Caligiuri, P. (2014). Many moving parts: Factors influencing the effectiveness of HRM practices designed to improve knowledge transfer within MNCs.Journal of International Business Studies, 45(1), pp.63-72. Caven, V. (2013). Human Resource Management in Construction.Construction Management and Economics, 31(2), pp.200-202. Cheng, M., Tsai, M. and Xiao, Z. (2006). Construction management process reengineering: Organizational human resource planning for multiple projects.Automation in Construction, 15(6), pp.785-799. Esmi, R. and Ennals, R. (2009). Knowledge management in construction companies in the UK.AI Soc, 24(2), pp.197-203. Gardner, T. and Wright, P. (2009). Implicit human resource management theory: a potential threat to the internal validity of human resource practice measures.The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 20(1), pp.57-74. Geare, A., Edgar, F. and McAndrew, I. (2006). Employment relationships: ideology and HRM practice.The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 17(7), pp.1190-1208. Greed, C. (2013). Human Resource Management in Construction: Critical Perspectives.Construction Management and Economics, 31(2), pp.197-200. Kaufman, B. (2001). The theory and practice of strategic HRM and participative management.Human Resource Management Review, 11(4), pp.505-533. Kochanski, J. (2009). Introduction to special issue on human resource competencies.Human Resource Management, 35(1), pp.3-6. Lafarge Tarmac. (2016).Building Products | Tarmac. [online] Available at: https://www.tarmac.com/tarmacbuildingproducts [Accessed 23 Jul. 2016]. Lafarge Tarmac. (2016).Tarmac | Sustainable construction solutions | Aggregates | Asphalt | Cement | Contracting | Lime | Readymix. [online] Available at: https://www.tarmac.com/ [Accessed 23 Jul. 2016]. Lin, K. (2011). Human Resource Allocation for Remote Construction Projects.Journal of Management in Engineering, 27(1), pp.13-20. Minbaeva, D., Foss, N. and Snell, S. (2009). Bringing the knowledge perspective into HRM.Human Resource Management, 48(4), pp.477-483. Siew, R. (2014). Human resource management in the construction industry Sustainability competencies.AJCEB, 14(2), p.87. Silvius, A. and Schipper, R. (2014). Sustainability in Project Management Competencies: Analyzing the Competence Gap of Project Managers.Journal of Human Resource and Sustainability Studies, 02(02), pp.40-58. Sderlund, J. and Bredin, K. (2006). HRM in project-intensive firms: Changes and challenges.Human Resource Management, 45(2), pp.249-265. Teo, S. (2003). Book Review: The Changing Patterns of Human Resource Management.Journal of Industrial Relations, 45(4), pp.557-558. Wilkinson, A., Johnstone, S. and Townsend, K. (2012). Changing patterns of human resource management in construction.Construction Management and Economics, 30(7), pp.507-512.

Augustus Essays - Julio-Claudian Dynasty, Iulii, Augustus

Augustus Augustus Gaius Julius Octavius Augustus was born plain Gaius Octavius at Rome on September 23rd. His father was the first in the family to become senator, but died when Octavian was only four years old. It was his mother who had the more distinguished connection. She was the daughter of Julia, sister to Julius Caesar. He was short in Stature, and well proportioned. His body however was covered in spots and he had many birthmarks scattered over his chest and belly. As for character it is said that he was cruel when he was young, but became better when he good older. He was tolerant of criticism and possessed a good sense of humor. Although unfaithful to his wife Livia Drusilla, he remained deeply devoted to her. His public moral attitudes were strict. Octavian served under Julius Caesar in the Spanish expedition of 46 BC. It was possible that he designated to take a senior military command in Caesar's projected Parthian expedition of 44 BC, although at the time he was only 18 years old. But Octavian was with his friends Marcus Agrippa and Marcus Salvidienus Rufus in Appollonia in Epirus completing his academic and military studies, when news reached him of Caesar's assassination. He at once returned to Rome. He learned on the way that Caesar had adopted him in his will. The news sharpened his resolve to avenge Caesar's murder. When he arrived he found power in the hands of Marc Antony and Aemilius Lepidus, who were urging compromise and amnesty. Octavian refused to accept this, and succeeded in undermining Antony's position by winning over many of Caesar's supporters, including some of the legions. He was failed to persuade Marc Antony to hand over Caesar's assets and documents. Octavian was compelled to distribute Caesar's legacies to the Roman public from whatever funds he was able to raise from other sources. This no doubt raised his standing with the Roman's considerably. Octavian's own standing had been heightened by the deification of Julius Caesar. No longer addressed as Octavian but as Caesar he would now also style himself as son of god. Augustus was one of the most talented, energetic and skillful administrators that the world has ever known. The work of reorganization and rehabilitation which he undertook in every branch of his vast empire created a new Roman peace. He won genuine popular support by hosting games, erecting new buildings, and by other measures to the general good. He understood that his personal standing and security would be strengthened by governing in the public interest. Augustus was no great military leader, but had the good sense to recognize the fact. Mainly he relied on his faithful friend Agrippa to do the fighting for him. Agter Actium, Augustus took personal lead in only one campaign, the Cantabrian War of 26-25 BC in Spain. Even there it was one of his generals who brought the war to a successful conclusion. Augustus' reign was more successful that he ever could of imagined. He lived long enough to make his family seem the natural rulers in the eyes of the Roman's. Though to insure that the power should pass down to an heir of his proved difficult. Save for a premature baby his marriage to Livia produced no children. Augustus did have a daughter, Julia, from a previous marriage to Scribonia. His plans focused on Julia's husband and children. In 25 BC Augustus married Julia to Marcellus, the son of his sister Ovtavia, but when Augustus believed himself dying in 23 BC he passed his signet rings not to Marcellus, but to Agrippa. On Augustus' recovery there were all the signs of an impending power to struggle between Marcellus and Agrippa. Marcellus soon fell ill and died. This left Agrippa the obvious candidate to be teh emperor's heir. In 21 BC had him divorced his existing wife and marry the widowed Julia. Agrippa was 25 years her senior, but the marriage produced three sons and twon daughters. Augustus adopted the sons Gaius and Lucius of the Marriage as his own. Agrippa died in 12 BC, leaving Julia widowed once again. Augustus without a guardian. Augustus considered his wife Livia's two adult sons from her previous marriage. Augustus obliged Tiberius, the elder of the two, to

The Hun-Driven Barbarian Invaders of the Roman Empire

The Hun-Driven Barbarian Invaders of the Roman Empire The Mongol Great Khan Genghis ancient precursor, Attila,  was the devastating fifth-century Hun warrior  who terrified all in his path, before dying suddenly, under mysterious circumstances, on his wedding night, in 453. We know only limited, specific details about his people, the Huns- armed, mounted archers, illiterate, nomadic Steppe people from Central Asia, perhaps of Turkic rather than Mongolian origin and responsible for the collapse of Asian empires. We do know, however, that their actions induced waves of migrations into Roman territory. Later, the recent immigrants, including Huns, fought on the Roman side against other movements of people considered- by the proud Romans- barbarian invaders. [T]he status quo of the period was disturbed not only by their direct action but even more by their being instrumental in setting into motion the great upheaval of peoples commonly known as the Và ¶lkerwanderung.~ The Hun Period, by Denis Sinor; The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia 1990 The Huns, who appeared on the borders of eastern Europe, after A.D. 350, continued to migrate in a generally westward direction, pushing the peoples they encountered further west into the path of Roman citizens. Some of these, mainly Germanic, tribes eventually set out from Europe into northern Roman-controlled Africa. The Goths and Huns Agriculturist Goths from the lower Vistula (the longest river in modern Poland) began attacking areas of the Roman Empire in the third century, attacking along the Black Sea and Aegean regions, including northern Greece. The Romans settled them in Dacia where they stayed until the Huns pushed them. Tribes of Goths, the Tervingi (at the time, under Athanaric) and Greuthungi, asked for help in 376 and settled. Then they moved further into Roman territory, attacked Greece, defeated Valens at the Battle of Adrianople, in 378. In 382 a treaty with them put them inland in Thrace and Dacia, but the treaty ended with the death of Theodosius (395). Emperor Arcadius offered them territory in 397 and may have extended a military post to Alaric. Soon they were on the move again, into the western empire. After they sacked Rome in 410, they moved over the Alps into Southwest Gaul and became foederati in Aquitaine. The sixth-century historian Jordanes relates an early connection between the Huns and Goths, a story that Gothic witches producing the Huns: XXIV (121) But after a short space of time, as Orosius relates, the race of the Huns, fiercer than ferocity itself, flamed forth against the Goths. We learn from old traditions that their origin was as follows: Filimer, king of the Goths, son of Gadaric the Great, who was the fifth in succession to hold the rule of the Getae after their departure from the island of Scandza,and who, as we have said, entered the land of Scythia with his tribe,found among his people certain witches, whom he called in his native tongue Haliurunnae. Suspecting these women, he expelled them from the midst of his race and compelled them to wander in solitary exile afar from his army. (122) There the unclean spirits, who beheld them as they wandered through the wilderness, bestowed their embraces upon them and begat this savage race, which dwelt at first in the swamps,a stunted, foul and puny tribe, scarcely human, and having no language save one which bore but slight resemblance to human speech. Such was th e descent of the Huns who came to the country of the Goths.Jordanes The Origin and Deeds of the Goths, translated by Charles C. Mierow Vandals, Alans, and Sueves Alans were Sarmatian pastoral nomads; the Vandals and Sueves (Suevi or Suebes), Germanic. They were allies from around 400. Huns attacked the Vandals in the 370s. The Vandals and company crossed the icy Rhine at Mainz into Gaul, on the last night of 406, reaching an area that the Roman government had largely abandoned. Later, they pushed on across the Pyrenees into Spain where they drove out Roman landowners in the south and west. The allies divided the territory, supposedly by lot, initially so that Baetica (including Cadiz and Cordoba) went to a branch of the Vandals known as Siling; Lusitania and Cathaginiensis, to the Alans; Gallaecia, to the Suevi and Adsing Vandals. In 429 they crossed the Straits of Gibraltar into northern Africa where they took St. Augustines city of Hippo and Carthage, which they established as their capital. By 477 they also had the Balearic Islands, and the islands of Sicily, Corsica, and Sardinia. The Burgundians and Franks The Burgundians were another Germanic group probably living along the Vistula and part of the group whom the Huns drove across the Rhine at the end of 406. In 436, at Worms, they almost came to an end, at Roman and Hunnish hands, but some survived. Under the Roman general Aetius, they became Roman hospites, in Savoy, in 443. Their descendants still live in the Rhà ´ne Valley. These Germanic people lived along the lower and middle Rhine by the third century. They made forays into Roman territory in Gaul and Spain, without the incentive of the Huns, but later, when the Huns invaded Gaul in 451, they joined forces with the Romans to repel the invaders. The famous Merovingian king Clovis was a Frank. Sources Ancient Rome - William E. Dunstan 2010.The Early Germans, by Malcolm Todd; John Wiley Sons, Feb 4, 2009Wood, I. N. The barbarian invasions and first settlements. Cambridge Ancient History: The Late Empire, A.D. 337-425. Eds. Averil Cameron and Peter Garnsey. Cambridge University Press, 1998.Huns, Vandals, by Matthew Bennett. The Oxford Companion to Military History, Edited by Richard Holmes; Oxford University Press: 2001The Huns and the End of the Roman Empire in Western Europe, by Peter Heather; The English Historical Review, Vol. 110, No. 435 (Feb. 1995), pp. 4-41.On Foederati, Hospitalitas, and the Settlement of the Goths in A.D. 418, by Hagith Sivan: The American Journal of Philology, Vol. 108, No. 4 (Winter, 1987), pp. 759-772The Settlement of the Barbarians in Southern Gaul, by E. A. Thompson; The Journal of Roman Studies, Vol. 46, Parts 1 and 2 (1956), pp. 65-75 * See: Archaeology And The Arian Controversy in the Fourth Century, by David M. Gwynn, in Religious Diversity in Late Antiquity, edited by David M. Gwynn, Susanne Bangert, and Luke Lavan; Brill Academic Publishers. Leiden; Boston: Brill 2010

Analysis of the Buzz Generated Around the Launch of iPhone Essay

Analysis of the Buzz Generated Around the Launch of iPhone - Essay Example The essay "Analysis of the Buzz Generated Around the Launch of iPhone" analyzes the reasons for a huge amount of buzz being generated around the launch of iPhone and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the strategies adopted by Apple in launching iPhone since namely the marketing strategies brought such a success.The marketing strategies adopted by Apple in order to market its iPhone gained the praise of business experts all across the world. The basic strategy of the company was to create an initial market boom through extensive campaigning on the uniqueness of the product. Further Apple ensured to utilize the ripples created in the market by these campaigns in favor of the product. The company could successfully initiate an impatience in the customers to wait for the release of the product. The launch of iPhone was much discussed in the media especially by the business critiques and eventually the launch was made to matter much for the common man as well.Apple could succe ssfully use its previous product iPod which was launched in 2001 as background to the campaign for its new mobile technology titled ‘the iPhone’.The iPod was proved to be a splendid success in terms of business. The product was unique in its utility and portability. This uniqueness was very well utilized by the company while launching iPhone. The similarity in the name was deliberately created by Apple, in order to help its customers relate the quality and market repute of its new product to that of iPod.

Nursing research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Nursing research - Essay Example According to World Health Organization (2009), breast milk is the perfect natural food for babies. According to this article, breast milk is composed of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins that are perfectly mixed appropriate for the development of physiology in babies. Breast milk according to this article, contains protective substances that provide the baby with immunity to diseases. This article shows that during the early stages of the life of the baby, breast milk meets virtually all the nutrients required by the baby and there is no other fluid including water is required noting that breast milk is composed of 88% water which is enough to satisfy the thirst of an infant. This article summarized research showing that infants need to be breastfed exclusively for the first six months. This article indicates that those babies who are exclusively breastfed for period of six months have on average 8.6 times lower risks of the diarrheal illness. In this same article it is recommended t hat breastfeeding should continue along with the solid food introduction such as complimentary feeding for not less than 23 months. This implies according to this study that the minimum period that is needed to adequately nourish a growing child is 2 years though some parents might wish to continue with breastfeed for a period beyond this. Moreover, the article recommends that breast milk provide at least 50 percent of calories for a child between 6 and 12 months of age, and one-third of calories between 12 and 24 months of age. According to Arifeen et al (2005) deaths that occur due to diarrhea and pneumonia can be reduced by one third among the infants if infants were to be exclusively rather than partially breastfed for a period of the first four months. Unfortunately, 35 percent of infants are exclusively breastfed for a period of six months. According to this article, breastfeeding, as well confers long term and intermediate benefits on both the mother and the child which inclu des aiding in protecting the child against various acute and chronic disorders. This article indicate that at 6 months of age, increased energy demand of an infant begin to exceed the amount of energy that is provided by the breast milk and that is the time to start introducing foods. Arifeen et al (2005 noted that it might not be proper for a mother to continue breastfeeding exclusively beyond this point. This study indicated that the breastfeeding process needs to be proceeded on demand throughout the entire complimentary feeding period. This is said so because breast milk often provide higher quality of nutrients as compared to the complimentary foods. Moreover, breast milk is a protective factor guarding against childhood diseases and it helps in reducing on the risks of chronic diseases that might come later in life. In this article, the author indicated that at six months of age, the increased energy needs of the infant start to exceed the energy provided by breast milk, so th at’s the time to begin to introduce foods.   It is not okay to continue to breastfeed exclusively at this point.  At the same time, breastfeeding should still continue on-demand throughout the complementary feeding period (up to 2 years of age) (Arifeen et al, 2005).   Breast milk continues to provide higher quality nutrients than complementary foods, and also protective factors that guard against childhood illness and reduce the risk of chronic diseas

New Social Media Vs Traditional Media Media Essay

New Social Media Vs Traditional Media Media Essay Can you spot the difference between new media and traditional media? The traditional media consists of prints and broadcasts such as newspapers, magazines, radio broadcasting books and CDs etc. On the other hand, social media, which grows with technology, includes the use of Twitter, social networks as well as blogs -using internet as a platform. Not only has advanced technology facilitated internet consumption, it has also promoted new media to the extent that majority now believe new media will one day succeed traditional media. New media has the foundations of traditional media in serving the same purpose, similar procedures in gathering information and sharing the same audiences; however, it may succeed traditional media due to the differences in the freedom of speech, coupled with social networking services entitled to users and the hastened speed broadcasting. The purpose of new media is very much built on the traditional media. Both new media and traditional media have the same objective to keep you informed. It does not matter if you read a newspaper or magazine, or even webzines, also known as e-newsletters. Both media platforms serve to provide news and articles to inform you of the happenings around the world. Books you find in libraries and online communities like Wikipedia offer you bits of facts for your general knowledge, providing basic knowledge on certain topics. We are also alerted about fashion trends through both media platforms. The television programme, Entertainment Channel, is no different from the fashion website, Chictopia, in providing insights to the latest fashion trends. (The Peoples Fashion Destination Chictopia, 2010) Besides global news, the information both new media and traditional media provides extends to advertisements as well. Both media platforms provide advertorial information for readers of prints, br oadcasts and the online community. When you flip through a consumer magazine, you will notice advertisements on jewellery, cosmetics and even clothes on different pages. Similarly, banners and pop-ups on various websites you visit are methods of advertisements on the internet. Even though advertisements account for 70% of the revenue produced by newspapers, there has been a declined in the printing of newspapers due to lack of advertisements. (G. E. Belch M. A. Belch, 2004, p. 392) The truth is technology has made internet a better alternative for marketing and advertising. Thus, companies tend to use internet platforms over print or broadcast media to achieve branding. Based on website Clickz, each one of us receives an estimate of 5000 commercial messages daily. (Massey, 2010) However, it is impossible to view 1000 advertisements from the number of newspapers or magazines that we read, inclusive of advertisements on televisions and radios. Therefore, new media might exceed old media with the use of technology, as can be seen from the ease of advertising. Another similarity in traditional media that extends to new media is the tedious method of gathering information, drafting and proofreading. In order for the newspaper readers and e-newsletter viewers to obtain only the correct news, newspaper companies engage reporters, journalists and editors in order to print a factual article without mistakes. (U.S. Bureau of Labour Statistics, 2010) Similarly, to uphold reputation as well as to ensure that the electronic sources tally with the printed media, a piece of article has to go through the same procedure in order to be published. (Simmons, 2009) The strenuous practice of gathering information is also used in broadcast media to produce drama serials and videos of new media. Television programmes and videos posted online require many takes and much editing for the final product. (Duncan, 2010) Television series as well as short clips online from BBC News, National Geographic etc, have to go through a long process of inspection before it i s ready to be broadcasted on air or uploaded on their websites. In an interview on George Negus Tonight, it was estimated that a television advertisement may take up to three months, requiring 100 people. The process includes generation of concepts, pitching the idea, developing a script and writing a storyboard before filming can take place. (George Negus Tonight, 2003) Despite the problematic procedures, technology has smoothened these processes, making new media superior to old media. An example would be Google Docs which allows users to share their work online and make revisions together with others at the same time. This saves time as a report can be completed faster. However, this requires internet as a platform and tends to promote new media, emphasizing its functions over old media. Both media platform serve the same target audience be it online, in print or broadcast. As mentioned, each form of media has an objective which is to disseminate a particular message and keep the masses informed. However, for those whom purposes resemble each other, they have same target audience to cater to and thus, garnering the same audience. Readers of fashion magazines such as Style or Vogue are most likely to be the avid viewers of fashion sites like Lookbook. In a similar way, readers of forums and the home section of local newspapers are most likely to be blog-hoppers. Furthermore, ardent fans of the broadcast media such as television and radio are likely to be audiences of new media such as Youtube. If you find yourself watching music videos on MTV, you are most likely to subscribe to Youtube or Hulu channels like Vevo that plays music videos online for fans. Both new media and traditional media serving the same purpose would therefore engage the same target audience. In addition, technology has made replaying, fast-forwarding and rewinding of videos much easier. Imagine trying to rewind the music video that you are currently watching on MTV, you would probably have to purchase the pay-per-view offer, also known as On-Demand. The next best alternative would be to watch the video on Youtube and have it replayed over and over again, or just that particular segment that you like. The ease of video watching can be seen from the 2 billion views daily based on Youtube statistics. (Website Monitoring, 2010) Such flexibility in technology generates more audience towards new media even if both media platforms were providing the same video, song or news article. Although new media shares similarities with traditional media, new media appears to be an improved version of old media. Out of the many differences, an obvious one is the magnitude in freedom of speech exercised in new media versus traditional media. Before the print media is disseminated to the masses, the editors would have vetted and censored, following strict laws that applies. In Singapores radio broadcasting network, deejay duo also known as The Muttons were suspended due to their participation in No Bra Day. It was an activity that required young female models to remove their bras in the shortest possible time. The video taken in the studio was posted on YouTube and the station was fined due to inappropriate content. (98.7FM Encyclopaedia Topics, 2008) On the contrary, it is almost impossible to censor all articles or advertisements on the website; only users in social media can be banned. Youtube reports hundreds of thousands of videos are being uploaded every day. (Youtube, 2010) With videos being uploaded at such an alarming rate, it stresses the difficulty in censoring contents. Undeniably, technology has improved almost every aspect of media development. Its failure to make censorship across the board available, however, allows netizens to speak up. Yet, this apparent freedom of speech which is only made available through internet appears to promote opposition of various political stances and an eye-opener to liberal views. Especially with people more acceptable of liberal mindsets, freedom of speech is censored in old media will result in technology will garnering more supporters of new media. Although both media platforms serve to keep you informed of news, social media has an added feature that allows users to network. With traditional media, there is no room for networking. You would have noticed advertisers leaving their contact number. However, you would only contact them to only engage or enquiry about a deal. Seldom would you notice an ad which purpose is to look for a friend or a wife. More importantly, you would not publish your address for snail mails or provide your contact number for interested members of the public to call you. There is no opportunity to discuss or socialised since everything is publicised. On the other hand, based on references gather by the website Pingdom, there are 350 million people on Facebook as of January 2010. (Pingdom, 2010) Facebook, similar to Friendster has not only made social networking easier as users can add friends whom share common interests but has also improved the search for long lost friends. Furthermore, there is a priv acy setting which you can adjust, allowing you to provide information to only people whom you want to. This allows you to form a connection with a stranger before committing in a friendship. New media also offers interactive activities such as game communities or internet chat relays. Through these game communities, players can gather teammates for online gaming and establish stronger relationships with strangers. Whereas chatting alone helps introverts make friends without having to meet people in the real world. (Whats New Media?, 2010) Although these contributions by technology are seemingly beneficial, social networking through new media has increased crime rates, often acted against minors. Paedophiles are known to use social network sites to prey on victims. They are able to do so as they can remain anonymous or adopt false personalities that would not be validated. (William-Thomas, 2009) Perhaps, social networking is the only bane of new media which most internet users embrace as reason for new media to succeed traditional media. Lastly, another improvement can also be seen from the extremely shortened publication time for new media. Publication time differs from the aforementioned methods of gathering and refers to the time it takes for the end product to reach out to the masses. As mentioned, it takes reporters, journalists and editors to create an article on the newspaper, making the process of getting a written article printed very long. Even if the information is ready for dissemination, the newsletter has not been printed and thus cannot be distributed. Furthermore once erred, it takes half or a day to correct the error and send an apology letter for the mistake or post an article the next day. If a mistake is made on a newspaper article, the journalist has to prepare an apology letter or a new article for the paper tomorrow, informing readers of the errata. On the contrary, with new media, it only takes the author a click of the button to have any information disseminated around the world on the World Wide Web. Although there are specific rules to follow if a reputable site makes an error, it does not require more than a day to have its entry edited on the site. When an error is made, the author can simply press edit and post again. Or in Twitter, you can simply delete your Tweet, another name for your entry, and post again. The convenience can be experienced when you upload a video on Youtube. After all the tedious filming and editing, all you need to do is to click on your computer screen is the word upload. Similarly for online news articles, a simple click is all it takes to have it published on a website. Moreover, the internet has become more mobile with technology and people around the world are choosing to read news online instead. If you do recall the 2007 Burmese anti-government attacks, had it not been for the internet, history would have repeated and we would have been misinformed of the total death toll, similar to the uprising in 1988. (Sai, 2008) The use of the internet through blogging of pictures taken in Burma allowed traditional media in other countries to cover the attacks. Similarly in todays context, information is readily available to us with the shortened publication time in new media compared to old media, all thanks to technology. The new media and traditional media are similar in their purposes, procedures and target audience. However, they differ in publication time, availability to networking and censorship. Both serve to keep their viewers informed and involve tedious procedures before getting the end product. Also, serve the same target audience be it electronic or print. However, with the drastic increase in internet users, social media has minimal censorship as it is unachievable with the vast volume of websites, unlike traditional media. Furthermore, new media tends disseminate messages faster than traditional media due to the short time needed in posting. Lastly, it provides opportunities for users to socialise and network. New media has its foundations built on traditional media and definitely has improved services and caters to the generations born in the era of technology. They key success, if new media is to ever succeed traditional media, is advanced technology in internet. Although social networking through new media has increased crime rates, it is one of the shortcomings that can be eradicated. With technology, new media has definitely exceeded the abilities of traditional media as an advertising alternative and smoothened the process of gathering concrete information for news articles. Ease in obtaining information and flexibility has also encouraged traditional media followers to convert to new media. With technology backing new media, is it possible traditional media will one day cease to exist?

Barangay Information System Essay

Computerization is a control system that manages the process in industrial workplace. It reduces human errors and processing time, thus it can boost productivity and results into high quality of product produce. In an information system, computerization is concerned about interrelating different but interdependent transactions. This can result in a system with well-integrated processes that can perform much faster and more accurate than a manual system. Enrollment is the process of entering and verifying data of student to register on a particular school. Different interrelated processes build up enrollment procedures called an enrollment system. Enrollment systems are used particularly in recording and retrieving student’s information. Tracking student’s information is also one feature of enrollment system, in which the school can trace the standing of a student. Wherever you go you can see people that are dependent on technology. Almost everybody knows how to use such technology. It makes our work faster and easier. Despite this progress. We still cannot deny the fact that there are still firms which are using manual process in recording their daily transactions, giving reports manually, that takes a lot of time and have not yet tried to adapt to apply technology in their field. Even though we live in an era that relies on computers and the internet, and we found out that most of the Barangays here in Cebu are still doing manual process on their informations and data processing. The Barangay is a very essential place where it contains information about the people living there. Some people would seek some information they need that can only be found in the barangay. With only manual processing it would take time to search for information. But with the aid of computers it would greatly improve the time and result you will get compared to manual labour or work done by hand. And we will be proposing an information system which would be of great help if they wish to adapt our system. We were determined to come up with a system that will change all their existing manual system into a very accurate and competent Barangay Information System. With this proposed System, it will help them save time. This system is much better compared to the ones they’re currently using. And manual processing is really inaccurate and time  consuming. While on the other hand if they do agree to adapt with the system that we came up with it will practically improve their jobs. T hey can avoid most of the most common problems that most people will encounter in manual processing. Due to competitiveness it would be best that every barangay should adapt to this kind of development. Our system is a simple program designed to make their jobs accurate, faster and more reliable. 1.1 Background of the Project The purpose of this project is to help the Barangays in Cebu in making their work faster and easier. Most of the barangays in Cebu still practice manual processing in information. This project will encourage them to adapt to greater heights and make them understand how this project will benefit them in more ways than one. The project itself is very simple. We made it as user-friendly as it can be. So that even the elderly can operate it without them getting confused in navigating. The program used in the system consist of simple GUI which is a type of interface that allows users to interact with electronic devices through graphical icons and visual indicators such as secondary notation. We made it that way so that the user won’t get bored in using the program. This project intends the barangay to adapt to the new era that we are living. It is unpractical for them to stick to manual processing when almost everyone is already using the aid of computers and technology. Moreover this project will also improve our community. Because this can increase the potential of information sharing from one barangay to the other. We stick to the idea any work a human can do in an hour; a machine can do it in a minute. It’s more practical for us right now to apply computerized manipulation in activities rather than sticking to manual manipulation which could cost us time, and that time could eventually cost us money. This will surely give them a satisfying benefit. Not just the ones using this system but also for those who seek informations that can only be found in the barangay. And also since computer machines are now fad these days, it is now much cheaper to implement this project proposal. 1.2 Statement of the Problem The main problem encountered by most barangays in Philippines is the difficulty in recording data and undependable reports of information. This  is because they still practice manual use of storing and retrieving data. 1.3 Specific Problem a. Difficulty in keeping, updating and retrieving of personal information of residents in their respective barangays due to manual storing of data. There is also a tendency that there will be a loss of important files because their files are not kept properly secured. b. Residents are having a hard time acquiring certificates they need due to delayed response from the barangay. c. Their files, documents, certificates and other important information are not properly organized. Keeping important files for future usage is not an easy thing to do manually. d. Their employees are having a hard time working manually. When a resident asks for an important document usually an employee would assist the resident but because their documents aren’t properly organized the employee would have a hard time finding the document the resident requested. e. Losing Important Files and Documents. There are times where they would lose an important file and there is no way for them to retrieve it, it would cause a serious problem. With manual storing of data there’s a higher chance of losing important data while on the other hand if you apply automated storage of your files you can easily make back up files and keep it safe and secure. f. Manual processing of data is a waste of time. Time is really important especially if you’re working for the benefit of others. But with the help of technology and machines they can make our work faster and easier. When applying an automated system you can do more than before. Doing things manually is really hard in our time where everything is automatic and is working side by side with computers. 1.4 Statement of Goals and Objectives Our objective is to develop an Information System that will help different barangays manage their important files and documents properly and to make their work faster, easier and more accurate. 1.5 Specific Objectives a. To develop a system that can manage and organize a barangay’s household. In our system there is a section where you can add, edit, remove and view information of residents living in that barangay. b. To improve the barangay’s welfare and their relationship with their residents. Our system is capable of viewing old entries of information concerning health, crime and other important topics that would affect a person’s well-being in that barangay. c. We want to improve the barangay’s relationship with their residents. With that in mind we added a section in our system that can do just that. We added a Business & Entertainment system in our system. In this section you can search for different businesses and entertainment available in that area, this will also help new residents to know the place better with ease. d. To make their employees’ work faster and easier. With the aid of our system everything is just a single click’s reach. e. To help both residents and employees in the barangay. We also included a section where for instance a resident would need a certain certificate, now the employee can just access our Certificates Section and look for the certificate he/she needs and a blank copy of that certificate would appear automatically 1.6 Scope and Limitation The system is capable of storing and retrieving information. In our system we have 3 primary section panels. They are the household, Businesses and certificates. In the household panel we can store and retrieve informations regarding the residents living in the barangay. And in the Business panel we can list, search and remove business that is available in the barangay. In the certificates panel there is a list of certificates and you can look for  the certificate you need and when you pick that certificate our system will be Able to give you a blank copy of that certificate. This study was conducted in order to help the barangay update their information. They can easily remove business that is not in business anymore. They can remove the name of the residents who already left. And they can easily replace old certificates. As the proponent we formulated the scope of this project to keep the barangay and the way they handle their documents up to date. 1.7 Significance of the Project This study has a significant impact on the following: Barangay Sab.a The client of the Project, Barangay Sab.a will be the main beneficiary of the developed system. With the use of the automated system it is easier for them to store, manage and keep track of all their documents. This system will be of a great help to them since their current process of information is manual. Barangays In Cebu Our system is compatible with other barangays in Cebu, if they’re willing to use our program. We made it possible to be compatible with any barangay in Cebu or even in the Philippines. Developers This study provides an experience to the developers in dealing with barangays and they can improve their communication skills, programming skills and overall experience as a whole Future Researchers This will serve as a reference to future researchers that they can have an idea. It will give them additional knowledge on how to develop an application that can store and retrieve information from a database. CHAPTER II 2.1 Review of Related Work and Studies Barangay Information System A very essential factor to consider in coming up with a better view of what will really be the outcome of the proposed project thus, related literature studies and works should be reviewed, analysed and studied. INFORMATION SYSTEM Information systems encompasses a variety of disciplines such as: the analysis and design of systems, computer networking, information security, database management and decision support systems. Information management deals with the practical and theoretical problems of collecting and analyzing information in a business function area including business productivity tools, applications programming and implementation, electronic commerce, digital media production, data mining, and decision support. Communications and networking deals with the telecommunication technologies. Information systems bridges business and computer science using the theoretical foundations of information and computation to study various business models and related algorithmic processes within a computer science discipline In essence Information System is the maximum use of resource at hand to improve an organization that includes virtually all resources including technology in transforming data resources into a variety of Information products. User Activity Tracker This System can track a user’s activity. This system will notify and automatically store his activities like logging in; information manipulation includes adding, deleting and editing of stored information in our database. MOST USED SYSTEMS Storing Tracker of Information Storing Tracker will track data that you will store in your database. Every time you add or remove a data it will notify you. This will help remind you what you just did. Uses for Storing Tracker 1. This will notify you what information you just added or removed in your database. 2. Allows you to store data more accurately Site Extend A web based application for barangays which provides content that guides and  shows how they deal with their problems with manual manipulation of data, it is designed to make us use automated systems in our barangays serp-p.pids.gov.ph Barangay Management Software This software is designed to help barangays manage their information properly. This will also make work faster and easier for barangay officials. Barangay Registry Information System qBris- Barangay Registry Information System is a web-based database information system solution designed for Philippine Barangays. The system hold, monitor and manage common Barangay information such as: Barangay Demographics Barangay Officials Barangay Household Livelihoods Organization Health Workers Etc. Qbris – Improves your employer’s job. With everything automated everything is within a click’s reach. Everything is available and can be stored and retrieved from its database Data and Information Manipulation doesn’t have to be time consuming, and doesn’t have to be complicated. qBris offers a very simple means of making your work faster and easier, Asset tracking and digital home inventory software made simple. ASSOCIATED STUDIES Barangay Accounting System Barangay Accounting System helps the barangay with their finances and other financial problems. This system is used in barangays in Davao http://accountingdavao.com/BARANGAY/ Barangay Attendance Monitoring System Barangay Attendance Monitoring system will monitor attendance of Barangay officials and its employers. This system was developed by an anonymous student. Dota 2 Shop/Market Reservation System The Idea is to make a system that can sell dota 2 items that has a reservation system and online ordering (http://www.dota2shop.net). This  website is an online reservation shop for dota 2 cosmetic items. They decided to make this shop for players worldwide. Dota 2 has a very rich community An Algorithm to Migrate CDS/ISIS Flat File to MySQL Database in Windows Platform The Import, Export and Script Generator tools now run as stand-alone windows to allow easier navigation and multi-threaded execution accepting RDBMS files (AquaFold, Inc. c, 2008). Features include: * Handle identity columns with the Identity Insert keyword * Use Object Quoted Identifiers to delimit names with spaces * Next/Previous navigation for easy re-execution * Preview SQL for easy copy & paste * Remember user preferences each time the tools are executed CocoaMySQL (Mac OS X) – Data Importation and Exportation (Textor, L., 2003) * Import an entire database or any Comma Separated Values (CSV) file * Export to a CocoaMySQL dump format, CSV format or Extensible Markup Language (XML) format * Dump tables or entire databases to the formats listed above * Generate SQL table syntax of the tables for re-creation in another database DBVisualizer (Windows, Linux/Unix, Mac OS X) – Export & Import Any result set can be exported using the export wizard. It supports HyperText Markup Language (HTML), XML, CSV, SQL and TEXT formats (MINQ Software, 2008). * Export any result set CSV HTML XLS XML SQL TEXT (free version CSV HTML only) * Test Data Generator (not in free version) * Table Data Import (not in free version) RazorSQL (Windows, Mac OS X, Linux/Unix) – Export & Import Export: The Export tool allows users to export data from tables, views, or queries in several formats including Excel, delmited format, HTML, XML, Text, and as SQL insert statements. Multiple or single tables can be exported at a time. Import: The Import tool allows users to import data into tables from Excel files, delimited files, or fixed width files (Richardson Softwarec, 2008). SQLgrinder (Mac OS X) – Export & Import An Algorithm to Migrate CDS/ISIS Flat File to MySQL Database in Windows Platform Export: the delimiter can be set, add columns, specify the export column order and add export criteria. Import: allows to specify the characteristics of the import file, and preview the column mapping (Advenio, LLC c, 2007). YourSQL (Mac OS X)- New Experimental Feature: Import/Export After a long period of experimentation, the Import/Export function has been added to a public version! The function is still limited (handles only text data,) but sufficiently stable to be used on simple tables. CSV files can be exported from the File menu (YourSQL, 2008). Geographic Information System M Salem, (2008) stated that Geographic information systems refer to a map that indicates the importance of certain objects and regions. With global positioning systems, or GPS, users can pinpoint precise locations across the globe. It can also be used to create maps of amazing and unprecedented accuracy, and locate objects anywhere in the world. GIS is computer system that records, stores and analyzes information about the features that make up the earth’s surface. In the Philippines, geographical information system (GIS) is the fast gaining popularity with its integrative and analytic capability. Government agencies like department of transportation and communication (DOTC), department of education (DepEd), and the national; mapping and resources information authority (NAMRIA) have already completed several projects related to GIS. (Kraak and Omaling, 2001) According to James (2003), during the last decades, develop around digital spatial data handling gained momentum, consequently the environments where maps were used has changed considerably for most users, with the computer come on screen maps. Through these maps, the database, which they were generated, can be queried, and some basic analytical functionality can now be access. In the 1980’s these software that allowed for queries and analysis of spatial data  because known as Geographical Information System (GIS). With the development of the Geographic Information System technology it became possible to adapt interactive maps to the specific needs and requirements of a certain organization. It has served different types of applications and has provided a unique ability to display database information on a map. 2 GPS System Tracking – Applications of GPS Tracking System The General Positioning System (GPS) tracking system is the latest breakthrough of the technology aiming at improving people’s lives. The GPS tracking system is reported to be used as a travel guide and as a tracking device of vehicles. No matter its application, GPS devices are good travelling companions. The actual process of GPS tracking system is straightforward. In short, there are exactly 27 satellites rolling around the center of the Earth. Out of them, 24 are used by the GPS technology and the remaining ones are used for storage purposes. A GPS receiver installed in your car emits a signal to these satellites. Four available satellites will be used to find out your exact position. The mathematical tenet involves in this computing process is called trilateration. It can be achieved in either two dimensions or three dimensions. 2.2.2 A Trainable Transfer-based Machine Translation Approach for Languages with Limited Resources This describes an approach to machine translation that is specifically designed for rapid development of MTs with limited online resources. Its principles, which was mentioned in the paper, are: (1) that there is a possibility to automate the learning of syntactic transfer rules from limited amounts of word-aligned data; (2) that such data can be acquired from average bilingual speakers of the pair of languages; and (3) the rules that were attained from the process can be used for machine translation to other languages. After attaining the rules, they were then used to translate previously unseen source language text into the target language. The approach was used during the development of a Hindi-to-English machine translator within two mon ths with limited Electronic Barangay Management Information System The eBMIS ® is a standalone full-blown NGAS-based application software developed since 2009 with Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0, Crystal Reports 8.5  and Microsoft Access 2003. It is designed to handle a wide-range of information such as barangay profile, residents profile, barangay IDs/clearances, barangay disputes/cases, barangay activities, barangay legislation, barangay health services, budget management, financial and accounting transactions. This application software is equipped with integral systems to cover almost all functions, activities and transactions of the barangay; and developed to provide complete and accurate information and reportorial requirements for the barangay management and its stakeholders. The following integrated systems are: Resident Profiling System (RPS) – The RPS manages basic information or profile of barangay residents such as barangay ID number, full name, birth place, date of birth, gender, civil status, complete address, precinct, contact details, employment records, parents/spouse information and etc. The system also monitors derogatory records of barangay residents and maintains a record history of issued barangay IDs and clearances. Each barangay resident profile includes a digital photo image for proper identification which can be automatically taken from a web or digital camera. Barangay ID System (BIDS) – The system automatically generates barangay ID card with a predefined flexible format or layout based on the saved profile. The ID card contains the name and address of the issuing barangay, ID number, full name and complete address of the ID holder, ID picture, validity period, blood type, height, precinct number, contact person in case of emergency and etc. The barangay may implement ID system as long as it is supported or mandated by a local ordinance or resolution. Barangay Clearance System (BCS) – The BCS automatically generates barangay clearance certificate using an elegant design by providing a valid barangay ID number. The barangay clearance shows information such as name and address of the requestor or holder, certificate number, purpose of the clearance, derogatory records if there’s any, date and place of issuance, names and positions of barangay officials and a digital photo image of the requestor or holder. The barangay clearance certificate can be issued whether the requestor has derogatory records or  none. Barangay Dispute System (BDS) – The BDS handles the disputes or cases filed in the barangay and maintains information such as case number, date of filing, personal details of complainant and respondent, case type (i.e. civil, criminal or administrative), nature of case/dispute, action taken by the lupon (i.e. mediation, conciliation, arbitration, repudiation, dismissed, certified case, pending case or on-going) and status of the case. The system also monitors derogatory records of barangay residents. Any unsettled cases or disputes will be automatically presented in barangay clearance certificate. The reports generated by the system are a.) Katarungang Pambarangay – Form 1; b.) Katarungang Pambarangay – Form 2; and c.) Monthly Accomplishment Report – Part III. Barangay Activity System (BAS) – The BAS manages the activities, projects or programs implemented by the barangay. It handles information such as activity ID number, name of activity/project/p rogram, output, date of implementation, location, fund amount and source, responsible persons and any remarks. The report generated by this system is the Monthly Accomplishment Report – Part I. Barangay Legislation System (BLS) – The BLS handles the legislative activities of the barangay such as regular and special sessions. It maintains information like type of session, date of conduct, venue, present members, absent members, output, fund amount and source; and any remarks. The reports generated by BLS are Monthly Accomplishment Report – Part II and Session Attendance Schedule. Budget Management System (BMS) – The BMS manages budget appropriations and commitments of the barangay both for current and continuing appropriations per object of expenditure. It has an option for supplemental budget and budget realignment. A budget can be realigned from one expenditure class to another expenditure class, i.e. PS to MOOE. The reports generated by BMS are Registry of Appropriations & Commitments (RAC) and Status of Appropriations, Commitments & Balances (SACB). Barangay Record Keeping System (BRKS) – The BRKS complies with the requirements of Volumes 1-3 of the New Government Accounting System (NGAS) for barangays. All collections, deposits, CM/DM/bank transactions, check disbursements, cash disbursements and petty cash disbursements are entered through the system and will be automatically posted to their respective registers. The reports gen erated by BRKS are the following: Summary of Collections & Remittances (SCR-BT), Summary of Collections & Remittances (SCR-DBC), Summary of  Collections & Deposits (SCD), Summary of Checks Issued (SCkI), Summary of Cash Payments (SCP), Summary of Paid Petty Cash Vouchers (SPPCV), Cash Receipts & Deposits Register (CRDReg), Cash on Hand and in Bank Register (CHBReg), Check Disbursements Register (CkDReg), Cash Disbursements Register (CDReg), Petty Cash Fund Register (PCFReg), Abstract of CTC Collection and Abstract of Garbage Collection. Barangay Management System (BMS) This system facilitates barangay management by enabling the client barangay to maintain their resident records as complete and up-to-date as possible and as easily accessible for verification, monitoring and reference purposes based on the available residents’ census data kept by the client barangay. Data provided by this system in the form of comprehensive reports are invaluable for planning, program implementation and related purposes. Features: Automatic Business Processes – among the basic components of BMS is its automatic assessment feature which facilitates processing of community tax dues, professional tax, barangay clearance fees and other such charges which  are sources of barangay revenues. The system also allows for other barangay-related functions such as those including security and peace-keeping operations such as incident reporting, blotter, reports and records of the barangay peace-keeping council, and other related services. Forms and Reports – The system prepares and prints barangay permits and certifications (e.g. Community Tax Certificate, Occupational permits, Barangay Clearance, etc.) as well as important reports such as Barangay Profile, Socio-Demographic Profile, Residents’ Census Information, etc. Query – user-friendly query feature enables easy searching of records depending on chosen parameters (e.g. by kind of permit and/ or certification issued, by date of issuance of permit/ certification, by client-name, etc.) Standard-based – conforms with Local Government Code Sec. 394 (d) (6) which provides that each barangay maintain an updated record of residents for easy identification of inhabitants, for use as a planning tool, and of updated reference on the local barangay statistics. Design and Security Features – User-friendly design using easily-comprehensible menus facilitates utilization of application features. Flexible system makes it customizable depending on the needs and requirements of client Barangay. Employs a back-up and recovery utility for file integrity and security. BMS can also be linked to a client LGU’s existing GIS or Information System which would enable them to generate graphically-enhanced demographic profile for each barangay. Activity Tracking System There are many reasons why companies are tracking their employee’s computer activity. While increased business use of the internet has resulted in many new opportunities, it has also opened the door for more potential misuse of company equipment. It is possible for employees to send personal e-mails from their workstations, conduct on-line shopping expeditions, access online games, or spend time on social networking websites or other sites that have nothing to do with their work responsibilities. ActivTrak is a leading activity tracking software product that employers can use. ActivTrak is loaded with user-friendly features that make it simpler to successfully track employee activity. Using ActivTrak, you can monitor several computer users at once in real time. You can compile useful statistical information on the applications and documents employees have used in addition to the  websites they have visited. ActivTrak software even has an alarm system that can warn you of act ivity that is out of the ordinary. In addition to activity tracking, ActivTrak allows you to chat with computer users and can act as a blocking device to prevent the use of certain websites or applications. Installed on each Windows workstation, this activity tracking software allows the viewer to take a snapshot of the user’s screen as they are working. The snapshot can be refreshed as often as is needed. In this way an employer can view real time images of multiple users’ computer stations. At the same time it also records complete URL for a browser, application usage time and compiles the data into convenient statistics. This method of using the titlebar as a basis for collecting statistics makes ActivTrak different from other activity tracking software. Information Systems and Data Management Review of Related Literature Information systems and data management researchers at UQ are tackling the challenges of big data, real-time analytics, data modelling and smart information use. The cutting-edge solutions developed at UQ will lead to user empowerment at an individual, corporate and societal level. Our researchers are making a sustained and influential contribution to the management, modelling, governance, integration, analysis and use of very large quantities of diverse and complex data in an interconnected world. The quality of our research effort has been recognised nationally and internationally. The 2012 Excellence in Research for Australia exercise rated Information Systems research at UQ at the highest level, well above world standard. The QS World University Rankings by Subject 2013 ranked UQ’s Computer Science and Information Systems research 25th in the world. Our researchers have received numerous awards and fellowships, including Fellowships of the Australian Academy of Science and of the Australian Computer Society, Australian Research Council (ARC) Future Fellowships, and an Emerald Management Reviews Citation of Excellence Award. UQ researchers collaborate with global industry leaders in the IT sector, renowned thought leaders, and a range of user organisations and communities. These collaborations span application areas such as intelligent transportation and logistics, water resource management, environmental studies, social  computing, healthcare, compliance and risk management, IT governance, and business process management. UQ recently headquartered a national research network on Enterprise Information Infrastructure (2005-2010) that profoundly influenced the Australian research community in terms of research collaboration, training and quality, and continues to play a leading role in promoting excellence in research training. Research topics at UQ include management of complex and interconnected data including spatiotemporal, multimedia, social, scientific and environmental data, new computing architectures for real-time analytics in data-intensive applications, and effective use and governance of information systems..The University of Queensland: Information System Research in Information Systems and Data Management predominantly occurs in the School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering as well as other schools in the Faculties of Engineering, Architecture and Information Technology; Business, Economics and Law; and Science. There are also significant contributions in applied research made by the Queensland Brain Institute (QBI), the Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB) and the Institute for Social Science Research (ISSR). Information Systems and Data Management research is supported by a high performance computing lab that provides the capacity to store, manage and analyse over 40TB of data using cluster, multi-core and in-memory computing architectures, as well as advanced data capture and visualisation capabilities. Recognising the critical importance of application drivers in defining and pursuing meaningful problems, UQ researchers consistently position their research across a broad range of applications spanning business, scientific and social domains. The eResearch group led by Professor Jane Hunter is involved in a large number of data-centric applications in both the sciences and humanities. The group investigates innovative approaches to management, analysis and visualisation services for large-scale data collections to accelerate scientific discovery. The common aim is to expedite research outcomes through the sharing, integration and analysis of open access data, using Semantic Web and Linked Open Data approaches. Hunter’s group has attracted funding from Microsoft Research, the Mellon Foundation and the ARC to develop ontology-based data integration and reasoning services for numerous agencies including the Great Barrier Reef Foundation, the Australian Bureau of Statistics, and the Atlas of Living Australia. The research results of the data and knowledge engineering, eResearch, and business information systems groups have been applied to a large variety of data sets including GPS and trajectory data, sensor and news feeds, multimedia data, social data, bibliometric data and business data. The research has profound implications for new applications such as environmental resources management, intelligent transport systems, fleet management, location-based services and marketing, and location-based social networks, all of which can benefit from effective and efficient analysis of large amounts of trajectory data. Likewise, the work on multimedia search is a key technology for a broad range of critical applicant School District and Demographics System This new site from the National Centre for Education Statistics (NCES) acts as a gateway to geographic and demographic data related to school districts, children, and K-12 education. From the front page of the site, users will be able to access data from the 2000 Census, the 1999 Census, intercensal school district demographic data, and maps of school districts. These latter two functions are not yet available; the maps are still being developed, and the intercensal data â€Å"provided limited scope with regard to subject matter updates to the Census 2000 data.† Even in its nascent stages, however, this site is useful for those looking for data regarding US schools. The help documentation and online explanations are easy to understand, and the data can be downloaded in comma separated value files or accessed online. One particularly helpful feature is the district profiles page in the Census 2000 section, where users can compare data on school districts using drop- down menus. [TK] From The Scout Report, Copyright Internet Scout Project 1994-2001. http://scout.cs.wisc.edu/ PCSX 2 Emulator Database PCSX2 is the first playstation 2 emulator to use MySQL as their database. The old revisions is open source and the codes can be freely edited. Our system uses a similar database with this application. CHAPTER III 3.1 Project Methodology In this project we used the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) as a  software engineering paradigm. The systems development life-cycle concept applies in a rage of hard and software configurations. A system can be composed of hardware only, software only, or a combination of both. Figure 3.Modified SDLC Research Methodology Planning Phase We the proponents conducted our meeting on how we are going to begin our study. After discussing ourselves. We came up with BIS (Barangay Information System) After that we discussed which Barangay we are going to address our study. We thought that it would be better to make our system compatible with any barangay in Cebu City. But we need a certain Barangay in which we can conduct our study properly. We asked some residents in Sab-a what problem they commonly encounter. We observed that their responses are almost entirely the same. They have problems with slow processing of information and documents they need. So we decided to make an Information System so they can properly store and retrieve their important documents in a single database. This way it would be easier for them to do their jobs. Analysis Phase After getting feedbacks from different residents we conducted another meeting and we the proponents decided to introduce our System to a Barangay. For us to answer the problems they encountered day by day. Design Phase These are many different ways on how the problem would be solved. So we designed our program that would be able to secure their information. Especially in storing and retrieving of data. This way won’t be having problems in keeping their documents. 3.2 Definition of Terms Barangay – A barangay (Brgy. or Bgy.; Filipino: baranggay, [baÉ ¾aŋˈÉ ¡aj]), formerly called barrio, is the smallest administrative division in the Philippines and is the native Filipino term for a village, district or ward. In colloquial usage, the term often refers to an inner city neighbourhood, a suburb or a suburban neighborhood Database – A database is an organized collection of data. The data are typically organized to model aspects of reality in a way that supports processes requiring information. GUI or Graphical User Interface – s a type of interface that allows users to interact with electronic devices through graphical icons and visual indicators such as secondary notation, as opposed to text-based interfaces, typed command labels or text navigation. Data – s a set of values of qualitative or quantitative variables; restated, pieces of data are individual pieces of information. Computer Icon – A computer icon is a pictogram displayed on a computer screen in order to help the user navigate a computer system or mobile device. Computer – A computer is a general purpose device that can be programmed to carry out a set of arithmetic or logical operations automatically. Since a sequence of operations can be readily changed, the computer can solve more than one kind of problem. Internet – an electronic communications network that connects computer networks and organizational computer facilities around the world Computerize – to equip with or automate by computers Manipulation- to move or control something with your hands or by using a machine System – a group of related parts that move or work together