Machiavellis Views on Leadership- It Is Better to be...

According to Machiavellis view of how to be an effective leader, a ruler should be one who is feared but not hated. Machiavelli states that fear is better than love because love is unreliable. All of the reasons that Machiavelli gives relate to how human nature controls men and drives them to commit crimes in order to reach their goals and satisfy themselves. Before the organization of Italy as a country, it was broken into city-states one of which Machiavelli called home. He was a Florentine and was deeply concerned with how the political governments of Italy worked because the city-states were almost constantly at war with each another. Machiavelli wrote The Prince when the Republic of Florence fell and was replaced by an autocrat†¦show more content†¦A ruler needs to maintain a positive public image and please as many of the population as possible. It is impossible to please everyone whether you are an effective or ineffective ruler, but maintaining the support of the majority of the masses is of paramount concern in being a successful leader. Machiavelli says that a ruler must be a combination of a fox and a lion. A ruler needs to have the cunning mind of a fox but also needs to have the strength of a lion so that he can destroy anyone who opposes him. Machiavelli addresses the topic of whether it is safer to be cruel or loved. He states: Upon this a question arises: whether it be better to be loved than feared or feared than loved? It may be answered that one should wish to be both, but, because it is difficult to unite them in one person, it is much safer to be feared than loved, when, of the two, either must be dispensed with (Machiavelli 133-137) He says that it is safer to be feared because the sole purpose of a ruler is to keep order. Machiavelli is not saying that it is necessarily better to be feared, he is saying that it is safer because the peopleShow MoreRelatedMachiavellis The Prince And Plato1417 Words   |  6 Pagesthe subject of leadership. Two main philosophers come to mind when thinking of this topic and they are Machiavelli with his book The Prince and Plato’s dialogue The Republic. The Republic takes a very theoretical point of view on leadership and portrays life as it should be in an ideal state, whereas Machiavelli’s The Prince, takes a more realistic point of view. Machiavelli is less interested with what things should be and is more concerned about how the world is and how a good leader should lead inRead MoreIs It Better to Be Loved or Feared as a Leader?1774 Words   |  7 PagesWhether a leader is feared or loved has been a debated issue by philosophers for many years. You could argue t hat a leader being loved is better because of the trust and motivation sides of things, or you could say to be feared is better because people follow rules and orders better. What is the role of government in human society? Whether being ruled under democracy, dictatorship, or autocracy all of these types of governments do however have one thing in common. All of these types of leaderships haveRead MoreMacolili Vs Machiavelli1262 Words   |  6 Pageswill always lead one to wonder which is the least corrupting. There are no two ideologies that clash more than Machiavelli’s views on violence in The Prince and Socrates views within The Trial and Death of Socrates. Machiavelli’s views advocate for instilling fear in subjects through violence, but to avoid hatred. Socrates is the leading proponent of believing it is better to be harmed than to harm. Both can easily lead to corruption outside of their strengths, but deciding which is the more corruptingRead MoreConnections Between Hitler And The Prince1307 Words   |  6 Pagesor will not be at all† (â€Å"Adolf Hitler Quote†). Adolph Hitler became the leader of the German Nazi party in 1933. His leadership was both loved and despised. He controlled the Nazi party for more than a decade (â€Å"Adolph Hitler†). Considering the length of Hitler’s reign, he must have had leadership qualities that people found admirable or they feared him so greatly that no one would attempt to overthrow him. In Machiavelli’s The Prince, a list is given explaining specific attributes and thoughtsRead MoreSocrates Vs Machiavelli2003 Words   |  9 Pagesfor their time. Machiavelli’s â€Å"The Prince and the Discourses† outlines Machiavelli’s ideal prince and what a prince should do in power. Plato writes about the trial and death of Socrates and what he says about how people are supposed to act as well as how society should be changed. Socrates if he read Machiav elli’s concept of an ideal prince would say that he is too violent, selfish, and cruel. In addition, Socrates would not be supportive of a political system in which Machiavelli’s Prince would leadRead MoreEssay on Lao Tzus Teachings on Effective Government1206 Words   |  5 PagesAmerican political government contained two large parties which control most of the Congress: the Democrat and Republic parties. Both parties have held different points of view on different topics such as health care. However an effective government is also based on a how a leader governs the country. Lao Tzu was an ancient Chinese philosopher, and Niccolo Machiavelli, in The Prince, an Italian philosopher, present ideas that are very contradictory to each other. Lao Tzu appears liberal as a masterRead MoreMachiavelli Vs Plato1614 Words   |  7 PagesRowan DeGasperis Brandon Ives GVPT241 Due: 10/13/17 Socrates’ View on Machiavelli’s Ideologies Niccolà ² Machiavelli and Socrates are two thinkers who are highly regarded, respected, and renowned by today’s scholars due to their roles in shaping their separate versions of an ideal political system during their respective times of uncertainty, political fragmentation, and violence. Although their opinions vary, the men laid the foundation for present day political establishments and opened up the doorRead MoreSocrates And Machiavelli1961 Words   |  8 Pageswould Socrates think of Machiavelli’s political world? Socrates and Machiavelli were some of the most influential political philosophers in their respective times. Some argue that their view of empowering individuals, whether it be through free speech or ruthless fighting, are quite similar. However, their views of leadership and government do not align. Socrates’ support for free expression and due process makes his view of effective governance far different from Machiavelli’s focus on national securityRead MoreNiccolo Machiavelli s The Prince2212 Words   |  9 Pagesan influential and wealthy family who provided him with meticulous educational training customary for many men of the middle class during the Renaissance period. Young Machiavelli also spent two additional years studying business mathematics. Machiavelli’s education allowed him to spend the next seven years in Rome working for a Florentine banker. After returning to Florence in 1494, he witnessed the removal of the Medici, the Italian bourgeois famil y that ruled Florence and later Tuscany for decadesRead MoreWhat Makes A Leader?1131 Words   |  5 Pages What does it mean to be a leader? What qualities does a leader have? How do you become a good leader? Leader have many qualities that represent a wise person. There are leaders in everyday life and most of the time we don’t realize, their leaders. If we didn’t have leaders in life, nothing would get done and people would be clueless. Leader tend to lead when the time gets tough and people look to them. What happens if your leader is not a good leader? Your leader can also lead you into trouble and

Bulk carrier and oil tanker ship construction Free Essays

Introduction: Types of Ships discussed: Bulk Carriers Oil Tanker Here I discuss about two types of ships which are bulk carrier and oil tanker. The pictorial explanation gives general difference between both the vessels. Bulk Carriers: The name itself says that they carry products in bulk quantities. We will write a custom essay sample on Bulk carrier and oil tanker ship construction or any similar topic only for you Order Now Ex: Edible commodities, raw materials and finished steel products. Bulk carriers can be with or without cargo gear. Those without will use the shore gear for cargo operations. The construction will be usually single or double hull with DB’s and TST’s. Side hopper tanks. During rough weathers the ballast is taken into the cargo hold so that CG comes down there by minimizing the stresses. Cargo grabs can enter easily due to wide opening of cargo hold. The excessive cutting area reduces deck strength, but suitably compensated with the hatch coaming structure. Pontoons will cover the cargo hold will differ in size, shape and operation depends on manufacturer. Pillars with deck girders supported by brackets and beams will take the weight of pontoons. The tanks tops are strong enough to bear stress caused by bulldozers or bob cats when they operate to collect cargo in cargo holds. Tankers: Tankers are designed to carry liquid cargos in bulk quantities depending on their size. The entire cargo operation will be through pipe lines. For carrying cargo operations they have to call berths fitted with chicksen or hoses. Smaller tankers usually used to supply bunkers and lube oils to the bigger vessels at anchorages. The vessels that carry gas also called as tankers. In shipping world tankers constitutes 35% tonnage presently. Tankers vary in size. From 500 GT to the world’s ultra large crude carrier MT.Hellespont Alhambra with dwt of 441,585. This type of ultra large tankers usually carry crude from the point of production to the refineries. The size and number of the cargo tanks will vary from ship to ship depending on the size and construction of the vessel. The divisions of the tanks are made possible by both longitudinal and transverse bulkheads with strengthened frames and corrugations to give extra strength to the bulkheads. These bulkheads in turn reduce rackin g stresses and prevent fire and flooding to progress to the other part of the vessel. The role function and general layout of bulk carrier and Tanker are explained above. Structural differences of Bulk carrier and Oil Tanker as follows: Structural FeatureBulk CarrierOil Tanker Cargo Hold openingsLarge cargo hold openingsSmall opening to enter cargo hold Cargo OperationBy Ship/Shore gear, Sling, suit or conveyorBy pipe line AppearencePipelines all around deckComparatively less pipelines Cargo gear when fittedCranes, DerricksUsually one or two mid ship cranes Extra MachineryDoesn’t require extra machineryInert Gas, Separate pump room Construction of HullNot CompulsoryDouble Hull Compulsory Cat walksFitted Athwart shipFitted longitudinally Cargo Tank CleaningEasyComparatively different and COW washing Company’s permissionNo need to obtain permission to enter in cargo hold. (Risk Assessment Carried out)Permission from company is mandatory, (Risk Assessment Carried out) Panting and Pounding arrangements as expressed below: (Diagrams Attached) Panting : The force exerted on ships side plating due to the vessels rising and falling due to waves is called panting. The bow part experience more pressure as compared to stern. Panting beams, stringers and deep floors will make the vessel to overcome this problem. Pounding : During excessive pitching the fore foot bottom plating will slam the water with high force which is called as pounding. It could be because of excessive speed, much stern trim or too little ballast. By increasing the bottom plate thickness, longitudinal framings, transverse frames with side girders and more side frames helps the vessel to withstand these stresses. Regional Stresses affecting Bulk Carriers: (Diagrams Attached) Care to be taken always while loading and continuous monitoring for hogging and sagging. Sagging comes in the areas where more weight and hogging comes in the area of less weight. Uneven distribution of weight could lead the ship breaking into two. However even after loading to even keel still the vessel experiences this problem due to the waves. During rough weather extra care to be taken as the high raising waves provides extra buoyancy. Transverse Stress: These are caused due to force exerted from cargo or structural weights or motion in sea way which in turn affects the ships cross sectional area. Racking: Rolling causes ship’s deck to move laterally when compared to bottom thereby causing the side shells to move vertically relative to each other At any given time the stresses on board should be within the limits of harbor and sea going conditions as given in loadicator. Bibliography: College Hand out, Moodle.stc.uk Classroom Running Notes Merchant ship construction by D.A.Tailor 3rd edition 1992 Merchant ship construction by P.J.Pursey 7th edition Glasgow 1983 Safe Tanker Operations by Capt.K.S.D.Mistree, A Marinez Publication There are other stresses which are equally important to discuss but due to the word restriction I was unable to discuss in this assignment. The Diagrams are enclosed separately to this assignment which most of the stress are explanatory. How to cite Bulk carrier and oil tanker ship construction, Essay examples

Construction Management Management in the Organizational Structure

Question: Discuss about theConstruction Management for Management in the Organizational Structure. Answer: Introduction From past few decades it has been observed that human resource management in the organizational structure remain as one of the supportive pillars and managing people is the most important part in running a successful organization. In the context of construction industry it has been realized that the task of managing people has been very difficult and challenging for it (Caligiuri, 2014). In spite of its well established socio economic structure the construction industry remained unperceivable especially in the context of human relation. Being the part of the global economy the construction industry faced issues related to the human resource management due to its lack of attention to the labor workforce and human capital management. Besides, it have been argued by many researchers in the previous researches that human capital forms the base of good performance and growth of the organization. It is a rare thing and the most surprising fact at the same time that the HRM practices in the construction industry have been devoid of specific and detailed elaboration for so long(Caven, 2013). Hence, this study has been solely contributedto the elaboration of the changing patterns of HRM practices in the construction industry that remained unnoticed for such along time. The researcher has provided theories related to HRM practices in the organizational structure and critically evaluated the appropriate area of focus that would highlight the new ways of incorporating effective HRM practices in the construction industry. Apart from this, this study would also provide an analysis of the critical thinking and recommendations for the betterment of the HRM practices in the industry. Therefore, evidences depict that many changes have been adopted by the construction industry in the context of human resource management (HRM) and this study would enlighten new approaches to make it more advance in this regard (Chenget al. 2006). Background of the Research More than a decade human resource management has become one of the aspect that has developed and matured with time and formed as a discipline exercised by the organizations in the context of managing people. The increasing market demand and altering industrial environment that have pushed the organization especially the construction industry to concentrate on the practices of managing the human capital in the organizations (Teo, 2013). It is the human resource management theories that has invented techniques for managing human capital in organizations. Hence, it is would be illogical to provide all the relevant theories that has shaped the practices of human resource management. Thus, few theories would be discussed here in order to provide a superficial perspective in this regard (Esmi and Ennals, 2009). Role behavior theory The role behavior theory depicts the aim to predict the behavior of individuals in an organization that would help the managers to take decision in the context of people management and ensure the positiveeffects of the future consequences of such decision taken on behalf of the organization. The key focus that the theory preaches is the change of employee relation in order to make them able to cope with the changing atmosphere and set the level of their performance in accordance with the market demands. Comparative advantage theory The comparative theory depicts the engagement of human capital in drawing competitive advantage to the organization. The human capital is the base of any organization to draw more profitability and sustainability in the market. It mainly focuses on the act of strengthening internal capability and also needs attention in reducing the production cost per unit. Hence, acquiring internal capability means having good base of human capital management that is able to produce cheaper, but quality products and services. Human capital theory The human capital theory advocates the advancement of human capital in organization due to training and development programs included in the HRM practices. It has been now largely acknowledged by theorist that high investment to develop human capital has increased the performance level of the organizations. Hence, the human resource training and development programs must be formed based on the human capital models developed in this regard (Kaufman, 2001). Act of Managing People in the Construction Industry The economic and the contractual factors have influenced the construction industry, though it has been inspired by the project based works and factors for a long time. The substantial labor management in most of the countries has made the relationship between the employee and the employer cordial, the human capital in the form of the labors took the shape of the base of delivering success to the project work in the construction industry (Gardner and Wright, 2009). In order to assess the changing patterns of human resource management practices in the construction industry, the practices related to the HRM need to be assessed through macro and micro perspectives of HRM in the construction industry. These both perspectives needs to be elaborated through three dimensional aspects, namely, a) human focus, b) resource focus, c) management focus. But in this study the researcher has concentrated on a specific dimension of management focus, human focus and resource focus, in order to give a detailed description of the changing scenario of the construction industry (Geare etal.2006). Management Focus Most of the literature related to this topic have been focused on the contribution of human capital to enrich the profitability of an organization and consider them as the best resource of an organization to draw competitive advantage at the same time in the construction industry. Another important aspect that needs to be highlighted in order to elaborate the role of HR functions and the contributions of the organizational management in the context of managing people in the construction industry (Lin, 2011). In the construction industry the completion of a successful project encompass workers and multiple parties that demands an effective people management policy to manage the diversity between the workers and the parties. Besides, the role of the HR managers in early period of time depends on the transitional and employment requirements of an organization, but contemporarily the role of HR managers needs to adapt the strategic way to develop their responsibilities that include adapt ation of the industrial changes, building organizational culture and appear as partner of the business that the organization is conducting (Minbaevaet al. 2009). Human Focus On the other hand, the relevant data that advocates in relation to human focus explains the well being of the employees and concentrate on their needs at the same time. In this context, the HRM focuses on developing a healthy and effective relationship between the employee and the organization. If it can be assessed from a micro perspective the human focus concentrates mainly on the aspects of employee relationship and nature of employment and issues regarding employees. In relation to the construction industry, it can be summed up by saying that human focus is another vital aspect that manages the relationship between employee and employers and the way in which employers communicate, negotiate with employees (Caven, 2013). Resource Focus In the case of elaborating the resource focus in relation to the construction industry, it can be asserted that as HRM performs in accordance with its nature of human focus. It also concentrates on the resources like employees, which is able to draw quality performance. From a micro perspective, it can be discussed that the HRM of an organization advocates the human capital by nature that includes the reformation of strategic structure, maintain employee relation while keeping the profitability of the organization in mind. Besides, from a macro perspective, it has been realized that the HRM of an organization also perceives the resource based view regarding the needs of the employees in an organization. Most of the information that has been employed in the course of this study is supported by resource based view that depicts the fact that people management are the key to generate effective HRM in the construction industry (Cheng et al. 2006). It is the HR managers who are able to inc ulcate changes that would be effective in the context of HRM practice. Hence, in the construction industry the skills and the knowledge of the HR managers are fundamental in this context, but many companies in the construction industry fail to identify the quality of HR professionals. Discussed from a macro perspectives, it can be realized that the HR function in the construction industry has gone through lot of changes. The HRM practices that manifests change generated by the influence exercised on the national, international and workplace of an organization (Wilkinsonet al. 2012). Hence, focusing on the management aspects enlighten that scope to study about the changing patterns of the HRM practices that has broaden the scope for the organization to think about renovating their exiting people management theories in the construction industry and prepare the people acting within the industry to cope with the changing working environment as well (Greed, 2013). Critical Analysis and Discussion In this component of the study the critical perspective in the context of changing patterns of human resource management in the construction industry would be elaborated based on a case study or hypothetical example of Tarmac, one of the leading building material supplier in the UK. Through this instance the limits and other practices related to it would be highlighted in the context of HRM practices of the construction industry. Tarmac has been formed in 1903 in the UK and become one of the leading building material supplier and also engaged with other sectors like, manufacturing light bulbs and supplying building materials for constructing roads and also contributed to the sectors like toothpaste and chewing gum etc. (Lafarge Tarmac. 2016). There are many other different aspects that work behind a successful organization, but this example has been employed in order to elaborate the condition and implementation of human resource management practices in the construction industry. Here the researcher has highlighted the human resource practices within Tarmac and how the changing patterns helped Tarmac to meet its objectives and organizational goals. Figure: structure of human resource management of Tarmac. Source: (Businesscasestudies.co.uk. 2016). The key concept of human resource management is to understand that what kind of HRM practices does an organization need to inculcateto achieve its goals. In case of Tarmac, it can be said that it requires skill and knowledge that HR professionals need to acquire in order to generate effective strategic outlines for the organizational and the employees as well. It involves the entire business planning for future in which the HR professionals plays an important role. As mentioned earlier that it takes the right skills and knowledge to enable an organization to meets its organizational objectives. In case of construction industry it could be presented as a representative of the entire sector as the changing patterns in HRM are being highlighted through this particular instance. Tarmac has prepared a field in which all the employees need to contribute in diverse way in order to achieve the vision of the organization to obtain the exceptional. In order to engage employee performance and m anage human capital at the same time Tarmac has generated five goals demonstrating through the word DREAM that illustrates develop market, reduce cost, engage employees, act responsibly and manage assets. Figure: organizational goals set by the management of Tarmac. Source: (Businesscasestudies.co.uk. 2016). Tarmac has enhanced the HRM practices by adopting the changing patterns of the HRM practices that most organizations in the construction industry ignores or did not find the scope to concentrate on such matter. The main feature of the management system of Tarmac is to engage its employees and the HR function works in this regard to provide appropriate training programs and internal and external course for the employees in order to develop and grow their skills in the respective areas they are working on. Hence, in order to achieve the exceptional communication is important and in this case HR managers are the key to deliver all the required element that develop a working environment for the employees (Lafarge Tarmac. 2016). In case of depicting the merits of management focus in the context of HRM practices in the construction industry it can be said that, managing the people in an organization is one of the most important aspects, but in case of the construction industry discussion of human resource management has appeared too often. But it is evident that, contemporarily certain changes have been noticed in the construction sector and these changes in the human resource practices have broaden the scope for the organization to concentrate on rectifying the old ones (Siew, 2014). Therefore, among the three dimensions of HRM perspective in the construction industry the management focus is important as without the HR professional or managers employees would not be able to acquire skills or targets in relation to obtain organizational goals. On the other hand it has some limitation that highlights, not only management but also the human capital and resources accumulated through their delivery of work is als o important in solving the issues related to the HRM in the construction industry. Through the instances of organization acting in the construction industry the positive side of the changed HRM patterns are being evaluated and it impacts at the same time. Hence, it can be said that in the given instance the role of management focus has been discussed though in a converse way, but it explained that at present organizations are growing and drawing competitive advantage through the adaptation of new HRM practices and changing the future scenario as well (Silvius and Schipper, 2014). Recommendations This study has provided several different outlooks regarding the HRM practices in the construction industry, but here the researcher has concentrated on the management aspects of an organization which explains that the HR functionalities are the key concept of generating effective practices in relation to manage people in an organization. In this regard few recommendations can be cited in order to highlight the effectiveness of the approaches and the applicability of it in practical. As the study has discussed about the management perspective, therefore, it can be said that most of the training programs, recruitment process and accountability for managing HR issues are bestowed on the project managers. Thus, the emotional intelligence has a significant effect on the work performances of the project managers in the construction sector. Hence, it is evident that the level of emotional intelligence can influence the performance of the employees, as the managers are solely devoted to the project work. On the other hand, impact of the approach that the research has adopted could be mentioned in terms of many organizations in the construction sector have employed and concentrated on the management perspective as it has been believe that without a proper HR function an organization would not be able to generate effective HRM strategies. Besides, the organization that are implementing the management perspective approached need to be aware of the fact that whether this approach is suitable and able to cope with the present structure of their organizational and cultural base. In order to generate effective outcomes the strategy needs to fit with the project goals and organizational culture and also to enhance the benefits of such implementations. The benefits of the strategies that are drawn from the project goals must be aligned in order to become a part of the entire organizational project and corporate structure (Sderlund and Bredin, 2006). Conclusion To conclude this study it can be cited that this research work has been devoted to bring out the issues related to the HRM practices in the construction industry. After the entire assessment of the HRM in the construction industry it can be realized that there are many aspects that are responsible for the generation of the issues in this regard which includes, poor management of employee relation that may affect both the quality of work and performance of the employees. Hence, the HRM practices have been elaborated from both macro and micro perspective depending upon the three dimensional element of HRM, among which the researcher has concentrated on the management perspective that enhanced other important side of HRM in an organization. The role of an HR manager has also been evaluated. Apart from this, instances of construction project and organization has been provided in relation to HRM practices that has highlighted the approach mentioned in this study in order to assess the pre sent HRM practices of the construction sectors and the impacts of the adoption of the changing patterns of HRM by the organization. Hence, it can be asserted that adapting the ability to cope with the changing circumstances and industrial scenario related to the HRM practices of the organization would surely enhance scope the future profitability of the construction industry. References Businesscasestudies.co.uk. (2016).Construction sector | case studies from companies in the Construction industry | Business Case Studies. [online] Available at: https://businesscasestudies.co.uk/case-studies/by-industry/construction.html [Accessed 23 Jul. 2016]. Caligiuri, P. (2014). Many moving parts: Factors influencing the effectiveness of HRM practices designed to improve knowledge transfer within MNCs.Journal of International Business Studies, 45(1), pp.63-72. Caven, V. (2013). Human Resource Management in Construction.Construction Management and Economics, 31(2), pp.200-202. Cheng, M., Tsai, M. and Xiao, Z. (2006). Construction management process reengineering: Organizational human resource planning for multiple projects.Automation in Construction, 15(6), pp.785-799. Esmi, R. and Ennals, R. (2009). Knowledge management in construction companies in the UK.AI Soc, 24(2), pp.197-203. Gardner, T. and Wright, P. (2009). Implicit human resource management theory: a potential threat to the internal validity of human resource practice measures.The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 20(1), pp.57-74. Geare, A., Edgar, F. and McAndrew, I. (2006). Employment relationships: ideology and HRM practice.The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 17(7), pp.1190-1208. Greed, C. (2013). Human Resource Management in Construction: Critical Perspectives.Construction Management and Economics, 31(2), pp.197-200. Kaufman, B. (2001). The theory and practice of strategic HRM and participative management.Human Resource Management Review, 11(4), pp.505-533. Kochanski, J. (2009). Introduction to special issue on human resource competencies.Human Resource Management, 35(1), pp.3-6. Lafarge Tarmac. (2016).Building Products | Tarmac. [online] Available at: https://www.tarmac.com/tarmacbuildingproducts [Accessed 23 Jul. 2016]. Lafarge Tarmac. (2016).Tarmac | Sustainable construction solutions | Aggregates | Asphalt | Cement | Contracting | Lime | Readymix. [online] Available at: https://www.tarmac.com/ [Accessed 23 Jul. 2016]. Lin, K. (2011). Human Resource Allocation for Remote Construction Projects.Journal of Management in Engineering, 27(1), pp.13-20. Minbaeva, D., Foss, N. and Snell, S. (2009). Bringing the knowledge perspective into HRM.Human Resource Management, 48(4), pp.477-483. Siew, R. (2014). Human resource management in the construction industry Sustainability competencies.AJCEB, 14(2), p.87. Silvius, A. and Schipper, R. (2014). Sustainability in Project Management Competencies: Analyzing the Competence Gap of Project Managers.Journal of Human Resource and Sustainability Studies, 02(02), pp.40-58. Sderlund, J. and Bredin, K. (2006). HRM in project-intensive firms: Changes and challenges.Human Resource Management, 45(2), pp.249-265. Teo, S. (2003). Book Review: The Changing Patterns of Human Resource Management.Journal of Industrial Relations, 45(4), pp.557-558. Wilkinson, A., Johnstone, S. and Townsend, K. (2012). Changing patterns of human resource management in construction.Construction Management and Economics, 30(7), pp.507-512.

Augustus Essays - Julio-Claudian Dynasty, Iulii, Augustus

Augustus Augustus Gaius Julius Octavius Augustus was born plain Gaius Octavius at Rome on September 23rd. His father was the first in the family to become senator, but died when Octavian was only four years old. It was his mother who had the more distinguished connection. She was the daughter of Julia, sister to Julius Caesar. He was short in Stature, and well proportioned. His body however was covered in spots and he had many birthmarks scattered over his chest and belly. As for character it is said that he was cruel when he was young, but became better when he good older. He was tolerant of criticism and possessed a good sense of humor. Although unfaithful to his wife Livia Drusilla, he remained deeply devoted to her. His public moral attitudes were strict. Octavian served under Julius Caesar in the Spanish expedition of 46 BC. It was possible that he designated to take a senior military command in Caesar's projected Parthian expedition of 44 BC, although at the time he was only 18 years old. But Octavian was with his friends Marcus Agrippa and Marcus Salvidienus Rufus in Appollonia in Epirus completing his academic and military studies, when news reached him of Caesar's assassination. He at once returned to Rome. He learned on the way that Caesar had adopted him in his will. The news sharpened his resolve to avenge Caesar's murder. When he arrived he found power in the hands of Marc Antony and Aemilius Lepidus, who were urging compromise and amnesty. Octavian refused to accept this, and succeeded in undermining Antony's position by winning over many of Caesar's supporters, including some of the legions. He was failed to persuade Marc Antony to hand over Caesar's assets and documents. Octavian was compelled to distribute Caesar's legacies to the Roman public from whatever funds he was able to raise from other sources. This no doubt raised his standing with the Roman's considerably. Octavian's own standing had been heightened by the deification of Julius Caesar. No longer addressed as Octavian but as Caesar he would now also style himself as son of god. Augustus was one of the most talented, energetic and skillful administrators that the world has ever known. The work of reorganization and rehabilitation which he undertook in every branch of his vast empire created a new Roman peace. He won genuine popular support by hosting games, erecting new buildings, and by other measures to the general good. He understood that his personal standing and security would be strengthened by governing in the public interest. Augustus was no great military leader, but had the good sense to recognize the fact. Mainly he relied on his faithful friend Agrippa to do the fighting for him. Agter Actium, Augustus took personal lead in only one campaign, the Cantabrian War of 26-25 BC in Spain. Even there it was one of his generals who brought the war to a successful conclusion. Augustus' reign was more successful that he ever could of imagined. He lived long enough to make his family seem the natural rulers in the eyes of the Roman's. Though to insure that the power should pass down to an heir of his proved difficult. Save for a premature baby his marriage to Livia produced no children. Augustus did have a daughter, Julia, from a previous marriage to Scribonia. His plans focused on Julia's husband and children. In 25 BC Augustus married Julia to Marcellus, the son of his sister Ovtavia, but when Augustus believed himself dying in 23 BC he passed his signet rings not to Marcellus, but to Agrippa. On Augustus' recovery there were all the signs of an impending power to struggle between Marcellus and Agrippa. Marcellus soon fell ill and died. This left Agrippa the obvious candidate to be teh emperor's heir. In 21 BC had him divorced his existing wife and marry the widowed Julia. Agrippa was 25 years her senior, but the marriage produced three sons and twon daughters. Augustus adopted the sons Gaius and Lucius of the Marriage as his own. Agrippa died in 12 BC, leaving Julia widowed once again. Augustus without a guardian. Augustus considered his wife Livia's two adult sons from her previous marriage. Augustus obliged Tiberius, the elder of the two, to

The Hun-Driven Barbarian Invaders of the Roman Empire

The Hun-Driven Barbarian Invaders of the Roman Empire The Mongol Great Khan Genghis ancient precursor, Attila,  was the devastating fifth-century Hun warrior  who terrified all in his path, before dying suddenly, under mysterious circumstances, on his wedding night, in 453. We know only limited, specific details about his people, the Huns- armed, mounted archers, illiterate, nomadic Steppe people from Central Asia, perhaps of Turkic rather than Mongolian origin and responsible for the collapse of Asian empires. We do know, however, that their actions induced waves of migrations into Roman territory. Later, the recent immigrants, including Huns, fought on the Roman side against other movements of people considered- by the proud Romans- barbarian invaders. [T]he status quo of the period was disturbed not only by their direct action but even more by their being instrumental in setting into motion the great upheaval of peoples commonly known as the Và ¶lkerwanderung.~ The Hun Period, by Denis Sinor; The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia 1990 The Huns, who appeared on the borders of eastern Europe, after A.D. 350, continued to migrate in a generally westward direction, pushing the peoples they encountered further west into the path of Roman citizens. Some of these, mainly Germanic, tribes eventually set out from Europe into northern Roman-controlled Africa. The Goths and Huns Agriculturist Goths from the lower Vistula (the longest river in modern Poland) began attacking areas of the Roman Empire in the third century, attacking along the Black Sea and Aegean regions, including northern Greece. The Romans settled them in Dacia where they stayed until the Huns pushed them. Tribes of Goths, the Tervingi (at the time, under Athanaric) and Greuthungi, asked for help in 376 and settled. Then they moved further into Roman territory, attacked Greece, defeated Valens at the Battle of Adrianople, in 378. In 382 a treaty with them put them inland in Thrace and Dacia, but the treaty ended with the death of Theodosius (395). Emperor Arcadius offered them territory in 397 and may have extended a military post to Alaric. Soon they were on the move again, into the western empire. After they sacked Rome in 410, they moved over the Alps into Southwest Gaul and became foederati in Aquitaine. The sixth-century historian Jordanes relates an early connection between the Huns and Goths, a story that Gothic witches producing the Huns: XXIV (121) But after a short space of time, as Orosius relates, the race of the Huns, fiercer than ferocity itself, flamed forth against the Goths. We learn from old traditions that their origin was as follows: Filimer, king of the Goths, son of Gadaric the Great, who was the fifth in succession to hold the rule of the Getae after their departure from the island of Scandza,and who, as we have said, entered the land of Scythia with his tribe,found among his people certain witches, whom he called in his native tongue Haliurunnae. Suspecting these women, he expelled them from the midst of his race and compelled them to wander in solitary exile afar from his army. (122) There the unclean spirits, who beheld them as they wandered through the wilderness, bestowed their embraces upon them and begat this savage race, which dwelt at first in the swamps,a stunted, foul and puny tribe, scarcely human, and having no language save one which bore but slight resemblance to human speech. Such was th e descent of the Huns who came to the country of the Goths.Jordanes The Origin and Deeds of the Goths, translated by Charles C. Mierow Vandals, Alans, and Sueves Alans were Sarmatian pastoral nomads; the Vandals and Sueves (Suevi or Suebes), Germanic. They were allies from around 400. Huns attacked the Vandals in the 370s. The Vandals and company crossed the icy Rhine at Mainz into Gaul, on the last night of 406, reaching an area that the Roman government had largely abandoned. Later, they pushed on across the Pyrenees into Spain where they drove out Roman landowners in the south and west. The allies divided the territory, supposedly by lot, initially so that Baetica (including Cadiz and Cordoba) went to a branch of the Vandals known as Siling; Lusitania and Cathaginiensis, to the Alans; Gallaecia, to the Suevi and Adsing Vandals. In 429 they crossed the Straits of Gibraltar into northern Africa where they took St. Augustines city of Hippo and Carthage, which they established as their capital. By 477 they also had the Balearic Islands, and the islands of Sicily, Corsica, and Sardinia. The Burgundians and Franks The Burgundians were another Germanic group probably living along the Vistula and part of the group whom the Huns drove across the Rhine at the end of 406. In 436, at Worms, they almost came to an end, at Roman and Hunnish hands, but some survived. Under the Roman general Aetius, they became Roman hospites, in Savoy, in 443. Their descendants still live in the Rhà ´ne Valley. These Germanic people lived along the lower and middle Rhine by the third century. They made forays into Roman territory in Gaul and Spain, without the incentive of the Huns, but later, when the Huns invaded Gaul in 451, they joined forces with the Romans to repel the invaders. The famous Merovingian king Clovis was a Frank. Sources Ancient Rome - William E. Dunstan 2010.The Early Germans, by Malcolm Todd; John Wiley Sons, Feb 4, 2009Wood, I. N. The barbarian invasions and first settlements. Cambridge Ancient History: The Late Empire, A.D. 337-425. Eds. Averil Cameron and Peter Garnsey. Cambridge University Press, 1998.Huns, Vandals, by Matthew Bennett. The Oxford Companion to Military History, Edited by Richard Holmes; Oxford University Press: 2001The Huns and the End of the Roman Empire in Western Europe, by Peter Heather; The English Historical Review, Vol. 110, No. 435 (Feb. 1995), pp. 4-41.On Foederati, Hospitalitas, and the Settlement of the Goths in A.D. 418, by Hagith Sivan: The American Journal of Philology, Vol. 108, No. 4 (Winter, 1987), pp. 759-772The Settlement of the Barbarians in Southern Gaul, by E. A. Thompson; The Journal of Roman Studies, Vol. 46, Parts 1 and 2 (1956), pp. 65-75 * See: Archaeology And The Arian Controversy in the Fourth Century, by David M. Gwynn, in Religious Diversity in Late Antiquity, edited by David M. Gwynn, Susanne Bangert, and Luke Lavan; Brill Academic Publishers. Leiden; Boston: Brill 2010

Analysis of the Buzz Generated Around the Launch of iPhone Essay

Analysis of the Buzz Generated Around the Launch of iPhone - Essay Example The essay "Analysis of the Buzz Generated Around the Launch of iPhone" analyzes the reasons for a huge amount of buzz being generated around the launch of iPhone and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the strategies adopted by Apple in launching iPhone since namely the marketing strategies brought such a success.The marketing strategies adopted by Apple in order to market its iPhone gained the praise of business experts all across the world. The basic strategy of the company was to create an initial market boom through extensive campaigning on the uniqueness of the product. Further Apple ensured to utilize the ripples created in the market by these campaigns in favor of the product. The company could successfully initiate an impatience in the customers to wait for the release of the product. The launch of iPhone was much discussed in the media especially by the business critiques and eventually the launch was made to matter much for the common man as well.Apple could succe ssfully use its previous product iPod which was launched in 2001 as background to the campaign for its new mobile technology titled ‘the iPhone’.The iPod was proved to be a splendid success in terms of business. The product was unique in its utility and portability. This uniqueness was very well utilized by the company while launching iPhone. The similarity in the name was deliberately created by Apple, in order to help its customers relate the quality and market repute of its new product to that of iPod.

Nursing research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Nursing research - Essay Example According to World Health Organization (2009), breast milk is the perfect natural food for babies. According to this article, breast milk is composed of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins that are perfectly mixed appropriate for the development of physiology in babies. Breast milk according to this article, contains protective substances that provide the baby with immunity to diseases. This article shows that during the early stages of the life of the baby, breast milk meets virtually all the nutrients required by the baby and there is no other fluid including water is required noting that breast milk is composed of 88% water which is enough to satisfy the thirst of an infant. This article summarized research showing that infants need to be breastfed exclusively for the first six months. This article indicates that those babies who are exclusively breastfed for period of six months have on average 8.6 times lower risks of the diarrheal illness. In this same article it is recommended t hat breastfeeding should continue along with the solid food introduction such as complimentary feeding for not less than 23 months. This implies according to this study that the minimum period that is needed to adequately nourish a growing child is 2 years though some parents might wish to continue with breastfeed for a period beyond this. Moreover, the article recommends that breast milk provide at least 50 percent of calories for a child between 6 and 12 months of age, and one-third of calories between 12 and 24 months of age. According to Arifeen et al (2005) deaths that occur due to diarrhea and pneumonia can be reduced by one third among the infants if infants were to be exclusively rather than partially breastfed for a period of the first four months. Unfortunately, 35 percent of infants are exclusively breastfed for a period of six months. According to this article, breastfeeding, as well confers long term and intermediate benefits on both the mother and the child which inclu des aiding in protecting the child against various acute and chronic disorders. This article indicate that at 6 months of age, increased energy demand of an infant begin to exceed the amount of energy that is provided by the breast milk and that is the time to start introducing foods. Arifeen et al (2005 noted that it might not be proper for a mother to continue breastfeeding exclusively beyond this point. This study indicated that the breastfeeding process needs to be proceeded on demand throughout the entire complimentary feeding period. This is said so because breast milk often provide higher quality of nutrients as compared to the complimentary foods. Moreover, breast milk is a protective factor guarding against childhood diseases and it helps in reducing on the risks of chronic diseases that might come later in life. In this article, the author indicated that at six months of age, the increased energy needs of the infant start to exceed the energy provided by breast milk, so th at’s the time to begin to introduce foods.   It is not okay to continue to breastfeed exclusively at this point.  At the same time, breastfeeding should still continue on-demand throughout the complementary feeding period (up to 2 years of age) (Arifeen et al, 2005).   Breast milk continues to provide higher quality nutrients than complementary foods, and also protective factors that guard against childhood illness and reduce the risk of chronic diseas